In this commentary the author identifies her estimation of the most salient points of Hanna's (2011) seminal article. While in agreement that movement toward a unified model is timely, the author suggests alternative conceptualizations to the freedom paradigm, such as Wilber's (1995, 1996) Integral Model, for disciplinary unification. (Contains 2…

In part one, changes in counseling theory from the perspectives of the self-organization paradigm, quantum theory, and sex-role development are discussed. In part two, the change structure of counseling practice is discussed, including articles on uses of imagery, dream therapy, metaphors, learning style, voluntary self-regulation, and…

This research effort presents (a) a model for viewing counseling theories and (b) data regarding the similarities and differences among selected counseling theorists on two dimensions: a process dimension and a goal dimension. (Author)

Presents a theory of self-knowledge, a method of measuring it, research identifying four stages in its development, and strategies for increasing self-knowledge through education and counseling. (Author)

Presents counseling goals in a developmental continuum similar in concept to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Discusses ego development goals, socialization goals, developmental goals, self-esteem goals, and self-realization goals and describes characteristics and implications of the continuum. (JAC)

Presents flow chart of the process of psychotherapy with couples as way for practitioners to integrate various models of marital therapy into their treatment. Discusses sequentially basic steps and questions to be addressed; resolution of each stage is considered important for movement to following stages. Notes flow chart allows intervention…

Presents behavioral rationale for guidance in terms of general pupil needs and in terms of specific types of educational circumstances. (Author)

Deals with the relationship between philosophy and counseling theory as outlined in a metatheoretical model. The model's implications for comparing theories and value orientations are also reviewed. This dialog serves an educational purpose and ensures an arena where counselors continually evaluate the status quo in a cultural context. (JAC)

Factors which cast doubt on applicability of any psychotherapeutic design to school setting include school structure, counselor training programs, administrative attitudes, involuntary nature and irregularity of much counseling and time limitations. Alternatives for generating theory and monitoring research are examined. (Author/CJ)

Examines spirituality's importance in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Considers how spirituality, as representative of how one views the world and his or her role in creation, may relieve professional counselors' apprehension about inserting a "theology" into treatment. Provides a brief history of alcoholism treatment and a…

Motivational counseling facilitates the activation of specific drives and incentives which will trigger action or decisions on the part of black students. These causative factors enable the students to establish and develop realistic goals and objectives and a precise plan for reaching their stated aspirations. Schools generally frustrate the…