Applied the meta-analysis technique to school-based studies of psychotherapy. The results indicate that psychotherapy in the schools is moderately effective. Evidence was also found of the greater efficacy of group and behavioral theory interventions that target observed behaviors and problem-solving abilities. (Author/KS)

Assessed suitability of therapist interventions in psychotherapy by studying transcripts of three psychodynamic psychotherapies. Interpretations in the therapies were identified and categorized as transference or nontransference, then rated for suitability. Patient productivity was rated using the Experiencing Scale. Suitability of interpretations…

Using a Bales-type observational system to code behaviors of two psychotherapy groups, sessions were statistically clustered according to their behavioral similarity. These clusters were compared to identify distinct phases of development. Although similarities were found, it was shown that different groups develop differently. (Author/BL)

Offers evidence that demand characteristics referring to changes in clients' self-concepts are the common factors in psychotherapies. Unassertive subjects (N=87) were assigned to four types of imaginary role playing. Only the demand characteristics condition increased significantly in assertiveness and self-esteem and decreased significantly in…

This article reports major conclusions and implications of a national field study of trained and experienced psychotherapists. The study suggests psychotherapy effectiveness is generally minimal. These conclusions are primarily different from and not as positive as a similar but separate study of rehabilitation counselors and their clients.…

The clients' evaluations were unrelated to their therapists' evaluations, but they were highly related to the evaluations made by independent judges. Further analyses suggested that the disagreements between clients and therapists stemmed from the therapists' inaccuracy in perceiving the clients' problem and the therapists' tendency to…

Significant differences were found between touched and nontouched clients for depth of self-exploration: clients who were touched engaged in more self exploration than clients who were not touched. No significant differences were found between touch and no-touch groups on the measures of perception of relationship. There were no significant…

Studied the effectiveness of hypnosis in the treatment of cigarette habituation. Volunteers (N=87) were randomly assigned to hypnosis, relaxation, or waiting list control groups. Hypnosis was found to be superior to relaxation only for subjects high in hypnotic susceptibility. Those who quit smoking increased food consumption. (Author/JAC)

Examined predictions derived from self-efficacy theory in comparing the effects of exposure and cognitive interventions with simple phobics. Guided exposure (GE) was significantly superior to cognitive restructuring (CR) in enhancing approach behavior, increasing level and strength of self-efficacy, reducing subjective fear, and decreasing…

Assessed psychotherapy outcome for 177 patients who were seen for an average of 31 therapy hours with the rating scales for outcome of therapy and a therapist questionnaire. Results of a components analysis did not support Storrow's rationale groupings of the rating scales into five dimensions. (Author)

Compared women in feminist v traditional therapy. There were no differences on demographic characteristics. Clients of feminist therapists were more likely to describe their political views as radical and to identify with members of the women's movements. They rated therapy as more helpful than clients of traditional therapy. (Author)

Evaluated therapeutic effectiveness of setting goals in behavioral terms while monitoring subject's progress in attaining these goals. Greater beneficial changes in patient attainment of goals were effected using a structured patient-therapist collaboration on weekly goals. Results indicate the goal attainment model with periodic monitoring is…

Male felony offenders in a live-in treatment center rank ordered curative factor categories similarly to Yalom's well-educated, middle-socioeconomic-class outpatients. Both groups ranked catharsis, group cohesiveness, and interpersonal learning (input) as the three most important categories. The only discrepancy was the ranking of universality.…

Male and female interviewers who were introduced as expert or nonexpert met individually with undergraduates. Male experts were rated lower in social attractiveness; however, introductions did not affect either perceived expertness or trustworthiness. Reasonably competent therapist behavior may neutralize differential expertness; expertness may…