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Peer reviewedHorvath, Peter – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1984
Offers evidence that demand characteristics referring to changes in clients' self-concepts are the common factors in psychotherapies. Unassertive subjects (N=87) were assigned to four types of imaginary role playing. Only the demand characteristics condition increased significantly in assertiveness and self-esteem and decreased significantly in…
Descriptors: Assertiveness, College Students, Counseling Effectiveness, Foreign Countries
Peer reviewedGorecki, Paul R.; And Others – Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1981
Results indicated little or no correspondence between self-report scores and behavior in a contrived in vivo setting or between role play and behavior with a sample of college students. Assertion was enhanced in the role play condition, but not in the contrived in vivo condition. (JAC)
Descriptors: Assertiveness, Behavior Patterns, Counseling Effectiveness, Evaluation Methods
Peer reviewedSchrank, Frederick A.; Engels, Dennis W. – Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1981
Reviews research relating to various aspects of bibliotherapy, including academic achievement, assertiveness, attitude change, behavioral change, fear reduction, helper effectiveness, marital accord, self-development, and therapeutic gains. Discusses implications for using bibliotherapy as an adjunct to counseling. (RC)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Assertiveness, Attitude Change, Behavior Change
