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Peer reviewedFriedlander, Myrna L.; Schwartz, Gary S. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1985
Proposes a taxonomy for classifying certain kinds of client self-presentations as defensive and assertive strategies to influence counselors' impressions and behaviors. Describes four assertive strategies (ingratiation, supplication, self-promotion, and intimidation) and one defensive strategy ("facework") along with their short-term…
Descriptors: Assertiveness, Classification, Counseling, Counseling Theories
Vargo, James; Braun, Peter H. – Canadian Counsellor, 1975
Two concepts of some importance to mental health are rationality and assertiveness. This study attempted to discover which of the two concepts is more central to good mental health. It was concluded that rationality is a more central concept to good mental health than assertiveness. (Author)
Descriptors: Adults, Assertiveness, Behavior Patterns, Counseling
Peer reviewedSchmidt, Jerry A. – Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1976
The author defines Cognitive Restructuring as a combination of internal self-punishment and internal self-payoff. It is a useful skill, applicable to a number of life situations. (Author/HMV)
Descriptors: Assertiveness, Behavior Change, Change Strategies, Counseling
