A meta-analysis of 128 studies of the relationship between self and achievement/performance measures reported correlations in the range of -.77 to .96 with an "average" correlation of .21. This average relationship was modified by several variables, including, among others, grade level of subjects, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and…

Reflected self-appraisal suggests that individual functioning is related to the fit between individual characteristics and the norms of their primary contexts. To apply this social psychological concept to the study of obesity, we hypothesized that adolescents at risk of obesity would have lower academic achievement overall than other students,…

This study examined differences between deaf/hard-of-hearing (D/HH) and hearing persons with regard to two interrelated and continuous developmental processes: attachment (Bowlby, 1969) and individuation (Mahler, 1963). The study also examined intergroup differences in two personal variables assumed to be influenced by these processes: self-esteem…

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI, 2000) recently released a report on common background characteristics of school shooters, which also stressed the importance of evaluating the reality of threat. The present study evaluated respondents' ability to discriminate between an unrealistic and a realistic threat and between a low and high risk…

The objective of this study was to develop a screen assessing domains in at-risk and substance-using adolescents. The Adolescent Domain Screening Inventory (ADSI) consists of four subscales: school, family, community, and individual or peer. A convenience sample of 6,661 youths was employed. Analyses included concurrent criterion validity, known…

This study examined the association between ownership of high-risk ("vicious") dogs and the presence of deviant behaviors in the owners as indicated by court convictions. We also explored whether two characteristics of dog ownership (abiding licensing laws and choice of breed) could be useful areas of inquiry when assessing risk status…

Many risks for suicidal behavior, identified in population samples, are elevated in justice youth. We examined whether risks operate similarly in a justice sample. We measured suicidal behavior and disorder on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children in 991 randomly selected youths, and examined associations between demographic, offense, and…

Rates of serious crime in the United States dropped greatly throughout the 1990s for virtually all offenses. John Donohue and Steven Levitt have argued that this reduction relates strongly to the 1973 "Roe v. Wade" decision that legalized the abortion of unwanted pregnancies. If such pregnancies result in children with higher lifetime risks of…

The degree to which potentially useful group intelligence tests were affected by personality characteristics such as anxiety, impulsiveness or caution, and verbal interests was investigated by a battery of intelligence, interest, and personality tests administered to 1,163 gifted adolescents in special summer programs. Intelligence was measured by…

The possibility of alleviating migraine headaches by autogenic relaxation training, with or without hand temperature biofeedback, was assessed. The study examined five independent groups in a bi-directional control group design. Volunteer migraine sufferers served as subjects, each participating for 12 weeks. The first four weeks of the study were…

The interrelationships between scores on selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, those on the Cornell Critical Thinking Test, and academic success as measured one year later by grade point average and total number of graduate units completed was investigated with 100 graduate students. (Author/JKS)

If one is given three or more methods of measuring three or more traits, the procedure described allows one to assess the extent to which the observation is influenced by the method and the extent to which individual differences contribute to the observations, independent of the particular method-trait combination. The procedure is illustrated.…

Probability samples of approximately 175 black and 175 white respondents were drawn from each of fifteen American cities. This report deals with the extent and ways in which racial, urban, and certain other attitudes arc influenced by city of residence. (Author/DB)

Interviewed randomly selected custodial parents (N=206). Custodial parents also completed a social adjustment scale on the criterion measure of children's adjustment. Results showed the most significant factor related to children's social adjustment was a positive relationship to the custodial parent. (Author/RC)