In this short-term longitudinal exploratory interview study, the relations between exposure to community violence and subsequent alcohol use were examined, with a focus on caregiver and family variables as moderators. Maternal caregivers and their children (N = 101 families; 98% African American; M child age = 11.2 yrs) were interviewed separately…

This study explored the role of student characteristics in studying micro teaching-learning environments. The overarching hypothesis is that teachers teach differently to micro environments in their classrooms. This study is the first of a series exploring the following four questions: (1) What student profiles are identified at the beginning of a…

Math can help children understand and think about the many aspects of their world through its connections to them. Teachers who see, and help children see, those connections enrich children's learning and development. Teachers know that building children's vocabularies helps them understand stories they hear and later will read. But by taking a…

Objective: To explore the relationships of family and cognitive factors to aggression as reported by parents and teachers. Method: Data regarding different types of aggressive behavior were collected from parents and teachers of 165 school-age (7-11 years old) children referred to a study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive…

In April, 1919, at the request of the Board of Education of Memphis, Tennessee, the United States Commissioner of Education submitted the conditions on which the Bureau of Education would make a survey of the public school system of that city. This study of the Memphis schools is intended to be a study of policies and practices; not of persons.…

The direct and mediated effects of socioenvironmental risk on internalizing and externalizing problems among Latino youth aged 10-14 were examined using prospective analyses. Participants in this study were 464 Latino mother and child dyads surveyed as part of the "Welfare, Children & Families: A Three City Study." It was hypothesized that…

This research study addresses the childhood obesity epidemic, which has seen the number of overweight children from the ages of 6 to 11 triple since the mid-1970s. The authors note that there are more than twice as many poor and obese adolescents compared with more affluent youths, and examine a number of factors linking obesity and poverty.…

Sponsored by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), the IEA Preprimary Project is a multinational study of unprecedented size and scope. At age seven, in primary school, more than eighteen hundred children from 10 of the participating countries had follow-up assessments. The study affirms that preschool…

Education names and classifies individuals. This result seems unavoidable. For example, some students will graduate, and some will not. Those who graduate will be "graduates"; those who do not graduate will be labeled otherwise. The only way to avoid such labeling is to fail to make distinctions of any kind. Yet education is rife with…

The study examined educationally relevant aspects of the home environments of 56 elementary school students with mild educational handicaps. Thirteen aspects of the home environment were examined for the extent to which differences existed among the three categories of handicapped students (educable mentally retarded, learning disabled, and…

Examined were antecedents and behavioral correlates of parental perceptions of efficacy, using data from a national survey of 3,000 parents and a study of 65 mother-infant dyads. Survey data were used to determine what factors are predictive of parental perceptions of efficacy. Dyadic data were used primarily to examine the relation between…

All available research in which a therapeutic expectancy was directly assessed and than related to a measure of outcome was reviewed. The review revealed that across all studies both client and therapist expectancies appear related to improvement; however, in the better-designed research a differential pattern emerges in which client expectancy no…

The purpose of this analysis is to provide an estimate of the mean correlation of home environment measures with learning measures across studies and to indicate sample and study characteristics associated with different magnitudes of correlation. University of Chicago studies of behavioral processes and British investigations of parental…

THIS DOCUMENT IS SECTION 3 OF A 3-PART REPORT BY THE EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE. THE DATA USED IN THIS SECTION WERE COMPILED FROM 79 CLASSES CONTAINING ABOUT 1,000 PUPILS. THE CLASSES WERE PART OF THE 1966 SUMMER HEAD START PROGRAM. THE PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT IS TO NOTE GENERAL PERFORMANCE CHANGES IN THE PUPILS AS MEASURED BY TESTS ADMINISTERED…

Two studies were conducted to explore the convergent and divergent validity of the Psychosocial Maturity (PSM) Inventory. The Individual Adequacy subscales were found to be highly related to measures of personal adjustment while the Social Adequacy and Interpersonal Adequacy subscales showed lower correlations with these measures. The results…