The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study is to discover to what extent self-efficacy, indicated by self-confidence, optimism, proactive coping, and capability belief, as measured by the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) is present in Native American college graduates. A convenience sample of 512 Native American college graduates,…

The purpose of the research is to examine the correlation between performer's personal characteristics and the features of his/her artistic activity. The authors analyze various interpretations, proving that the character and temperament influence the properties of the performed musical material, including: the nature of sound; an attitude to the…

Previous research assessing consequences of interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) on child development is mixed. Utilizing a population-based US sample (n = 5339), we first estimate the associations between background characteristics (e.g. sociodemographic and maternal characteristics) and short ([less than or equal to]1 year) and long (>3 years)…

Financial risk tolerance is an important personal characteristic that is widely used by financial professionals to guide the development and presentation of client-centered recommendations. As more baby boomers enter retirement, research on how these individuals perceive their willingness to take financial risks has gained importance, particularly…

Shyness, which is characterized by social withdrawal behaviours and approaching-withdrawal conflicted social motivations, is suggested to influence children's social-emotional development. This study examined the association between shyness and social-emotional development among Chinese children aged 3 to 12. A systematic search of both Chinese…

Bourdieu's thinking tool of habitus is helpful for understanding the relationship between the individual and the environment. Although habitus is often seen as something that an individual acquires in early life and is 'stuck with,' there are opportunities to develop a secondary habitus. Explicit pedagogy is a key factor in assisting individuals…

Learning communities are often associated with higher student engagement and academic achievement. Few studies to date, however, have examined the impacts of these practices among international students. To address this gap, the following questions led the current study: "To what degree is participation in learning communities associated with…

The present study investigated associations between parenting stress and children's academic engagement when schools were closed in spring/early summer 2020. We investigated four dimensions of children's academic engagement, i.e., behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and agentic. Participants of this online survey study were 78 families (75 mothers…

Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal stress does not solely undermine child functioning but increases developmental plasticity to both negative and positive postnatal experiences. Here we test this proposition using the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study while implementing an extreme-group (i.e., high vs. low prenatal stress) design (n =…

Researchers attempting to survey refugees over time face methodological issues because of the transient nature of the target population. In this article, we examine whether applying smartphone technology could alleviate these issues. We interviewed 529 refugees and afterward invited them to four follow-up mobile web surveys and to install a…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) assessment practices with individual English learners (ELs) align with federal legislation and professional practice guidelines. Specifically, we were interested in examining SLPs' use of multiple tools during individual EL…

Computational Thinking (CT) and creativity are considered two vital skills for the 21st century that should be incorporated into future curricula around the world. We studied the relationship between these two constructs while focusing on learners' personal characteristics. Two types of creativity were examined: creative thinking and computational…

Residential mobility is a normal feature of family life but thought to be a source of disruption to a child's development. Mobility may have its own direct consequences or reflect families' capabilities and vulnerabilities. This article examines the association between changes of residence and verbal and behavioral scores of children aged 5,…

This study aimed to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the stress levels and life satisfaction of individuals with disabilities and what role social support plays in mitigating these impacts. Data from individuals with disabilities (n = 600) were extracted from a larger international cross-sectional survey study. Regression analyses…

This paper reports research into the relationship between personal and contextual variables and gendered differences in students' attainment in mathematics that take account of 'place' at different levels of intra-national locality (i.e. regional and macro-geographical levels, within the same country). A multilevel analysis performed on secondary…