Using data from 195 dyads of mothers and children (age range = 8-12 years; M = 10.63) in four countries (China, India, the Philippines, and Thailand), this study examined children's perceptions of maternal hostility as a mediator of the links between physical discipline and harsh verbal discipline and children's adjustment. Both physical…

American and German children were asked to judge and talk about different mass media--television, radio, and picture books--and their use of each media. Analyses of the data indicated that five- and six-year-olds have qualitatively different concepts of media characteristics and functions than three- and four-year-olds, i.e., the younger children…