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Peer reviewedHumphreys, Lloyd G. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996
The reliability of a gain is determined by the reliabilities of the components, the correlation between them, and their standard deviations. Reliability is not inherently low, but the components of gains in many investigations make low reliability likely and require caution in the use of gain scores. (SLD)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Correlation, Error of Measurement
Peer reviewedWilliams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996
The critiques by L. Collins and L. Humphreys in this issue illustrate problems with the use of gain scores. Collins' examples show that familiar formulas for the reliability of differences do not reflect the precision of measures of change. Additional examples demonstrate flaws in the conventional approach to reliability. (SLD)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Correlation, Error of Measurement
Peer reviewedWoodrow, Janice E. J. – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1991
Examines and compares the characteristics of four computer attitude scales: (1) Stevens'"Computer Survey"; (2) Reece and Gable's "Attitudes toward Computers"; (3) Gressard and Loyd's "Computer Attitude Scale"; and (4) Griswold's "Computer Use Questionnaire." Attitudes toward computer scales are examined, and…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Comparative Analysis, Computer Literacy, Construct Validity
