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Motivation and Engagement in the "Asian Century": A Comparison of Chinese Students in Australia, Hong Kong, and Mainland China
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Martin, A. J.; Yu, Kai; Hau, Kit-Tai – Educational Psychology, 2014
The present study investigated multidimensional motivation and engagement among Chinese middle school students in Australia (N?=?273), Hong Kong (N?=?528), and Mainland China (N?=?2106; randomly selected N?=?528). Findings showed that a multidimensional model of motivation and engagement fit very well for all three groups. Multi-group invariance…
Descriptors: Student Motivation, Foreign Countries, Asians, Correlation
Achievement Motivation among Chinese and Australian School Students: Assessing Differences of Kind and Differences of Degree
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Martin, Andrew J.; Hau, Kit-Tai – International Journal of Testing, 2010
The present study explored motivation and engagement among Chinese and Australian school students. Based on a sample of 528 Hong Kong Chinese 12-13 year olds and an archive sample of 6,366 Australian 12-13 year olds, achievement motivation was assessed using the Motivation and Engagement Scale-High School (MES-HS). Confirmatory factor analysis and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Achievement Need, Student Motivation, Learner Engagement
Extension of the Internal/External Frame of Reference Model of Self-Concept Formation: Importance of Native and Nonnative Languages for Chinese Students.
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Hau, Kit-Tai; Kong, Chit-Kwong; Marsh, Herbert W.; Cheng, Zi-Juan – 2000
The internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model of self-concept formation was extended by relating Chinese, English, and mathematics achievement to Chinese, English, and mathematics self-concepts in a 5-year longitudinal study based on a large (N=9,482) representative sample of Hong Kong high school students. Tests of the I/E model are…
Descriptors: Chinese, Correlation, Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Differences
Explaining Paradoxical Relations Between Academic Self-Concepts and Achievements: Cross-Cultural Generalizability of the Internal/External Frame of Reference Predictions Across 26 Countries
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Marsh, Herbert W.; Hau, Kit-Tai – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2004
The internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model explains a seemingly paradoxical pattern of relations between math and verbal self-concepts and corresponding measures of achievement, extends social comparison theory, and has important educational implications. In a cross-cultural study of nationally representative samples of 15-year-olds from…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Foreign Countries, Self Concept, Academic Achievement