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Download full textTywoniw, Rurik; Crossley, Scott – Language Education & Assessment, 2019
Cohesion features were calculated for a corpus of 960 essays by 480 test-takers from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) in order to examine differences in the use of cohesion devices between integrated (source-based) writing and independent writing samples. Cohesion indices were measured using an automated textual analysis tool, the…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Connected Discourse
Direct linkKyle, Kristopher; Crossley, Scott – Language Testing, 2017
Over the past 45 years, the construct of syntactic sophistication has been assessed in L2 writing using what Bulté and Housen (2012) refer to as absolute complexity (Lu, 2011; Ortega, 2003; Wolfe-Quintero, Inagaki, & Kim, 1998). However, it has been argued that making inferences about learners based on absolute complexity indices (e.g., mean…
Descriptors: Syntax, Verbs, Second Language Learning, Word Frequency
Crossley, Scott; Kyle, Kristopher; Salsbury, Thomas – Modern Language Journal, 2016
This study investigates relations between second language (L2) lexical input and output in terms of word information properties (i.e., lexical salience; Ellis, 2006a). The data for this study come from a longitudinal corpus of naturalistic spoken data between L2 learners and first language (L1) interlocutors collected over a year's time. The…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Language Research, Second Language Learning, Computational Linguistics
Crossley, Scott; McNamara, Danielle – Language Learning & Technology, 2013
This study explores the potential for automated indices related to speech delivery, language use, and topic development to model human judgments of TOEFL speaking proficiency in second language (L2) speech samples. For this study, 244 transcribed TOEFL speech samples taken from 244 L2 learners were analyzed using automated indices taken from…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Speech Communication
Crossley, Scott; McNamara, Danielle – Grantee Submission, 2013
This study explores the potential for automated indices related to speech delivery, language use, and topic development to model human judgments of TOEFL speaking proficiency in second language (L2) speech samples. For this study, 244 transcribed TOEFL speech samples taken from 244 L2 learners were analyzed using automated indices taken from…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Speech Communication
