The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between the perceptions of primary school teachers about their proficiencies in terms of 21st century skills and their perceptions in relation to managing constructivist learning environments by means of structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample of the study included the classroom…

Learning environment research provides a well-established approach for describing and understanding what goes on in classrooms and has attracted considerable interest in Singapore. This article reports the first study of science classroom environments in Singapore primary schools. Ten scales from the What Is Happening In this Class?,…