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Direct linkLambert, Joseph M.; Houchins-Juárez, Nealetta J. – American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 2020
During functional analysis (FA), therapists arrange contingencies between potential reinforcers and problem behavior. It is unclear whether this fact, in and of itself, facilitates problem behavior's acquisition of new (false-positive) functions. If problem behavior can come under the control of contingencies contrived between it and known…
Descriptors: Functional Behavioral Assessment, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Correlation
Bradshaw, Ceri A.; Reed, Phil – Learning and Motivation, 2012
In three experiments, human participants pressed the space bar on a computer keyboard to earn points on random-ratio (RR) and random-interval (RI) schedules of reinforcement. Verbalized contingency awareness (CA) for each schedule was measured after the entire task (Experiments 1 and 2), or after each RR-RI trial (Experiment 3). In all three…
Descriptors: Intervals, Reinforcement, Computers, Task Analysis
Petry, Nancy M.; Barry, Danielle; Alessi, Sheila M.; Rounsaville, Bruce J.; Carroll, Kathleen M. – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2012
Objective: Contingency management (CM) reduces drug use, but questions remain regarding optimal targets and magnitudes of reinforcement. We evaluated the efficacy of CM reinforcing attendance in patients who initiated treatment with cocaine-negative samples, and of higher magnitude abstinence-based CM in patients who began treatment positive.…
Descriptors: Sex Education, Contingency Management, Reinforcement, Patients
Lang, Russell; Machalicek, Wendy; O'Reilly, Mark; Sigafoos, Jeff; Rispoli, Mandy; Shogren, Karrie; Regester, April – Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 2009
Play is widely acknowledged to be an integral part of human development and children with autism often experience substantial delays in the development of play behaviors. This review updates older reviews by covering the last 10 years of research targeting functional and symbolic play in children with autism. The review differs from other reviews…
Descriptors: Play, Intervention, Autism, Child Development
Litt, Mark D.; Kadden, Ronald M.; Kabela-Cormier, Elise; Petry, Nancy – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2007
The aim of this study was to determine whether a socially focused treatment can effect change in the patient's social network from one that reinforces drinking to one that reinforces sobriety. Alcohol dependent men and women (N = 210) recruited from the community were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 outpatient treatment conditions: network support…
Descriptors: Contingency Management, Social Networks, Drinking, Reinforcement
Baron, Alan; Galizio, Mark – Behavior Analyst, 2005
Michael (1975) reviewed efforts to classify reinforcing events in terms of whether stimuli are added (positive reinforcement) or removed (negative reinforcement). He concluded that distinctions in these terms are confusing and ambiguous. Of necessity, adding a stimulus requires its previous absence and removing a stimulus its previous presence.…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Concept Formation, Correlation
McSweeney, Frances K. – Behavior Analyst, 2004
Reinforcers lose their effectiveness when they are presented repeatedly. Early researchers labeled this loss of effectiveness as "satiation" without conducting an experimental analysis. When such an analysis is conducted, "habituation" provides a more precise and empirically accurate label for the changes in reinforcer effectiveness. This paper…
Descriptors: Habituation, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Theory Practice Relationship
