Section 1983 opened the federal courts to private citizens by creating a cause of action for invasion of rights protected by federal law. Liability can only be established through proof that injury was occasioned by the implementation of municipal "policy or custom." Examines the evolution of this court doctrine. (MLF)

Analyzes the actions and effects of the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist. Considers Court decisions written in 1988-1989, commenting on the Court's growing self-confidence and strength. Concludes that the Rehnquist Court could be one of the most lasting legacies of the Reagan era. (LS)

The Supreme Court will not hear an appeal by a software publisher suing the University of California at Los Angeles for copying its computer programs, upholding state rights in copyright law. However, federal legislation paving the way for such suits in the future is being drafted. (MSE)

Describes the facts and state and federal constitutional law related to "Zelman v. Simons-Harris," a Cleveland school-voucher case before the United States Supreme Court. Argues that the Court will likely uphold the constitutionality of the Cleveland voucher program, finding that it does not advance religion in violation of the First…

Although schools cannot actively promote religiously-oriented activity, neither can they prohibit such activity. The 98th Congress passed the Equal Access Act in an attempt to ground students' rights to practice religion in the schools in well-established constitutional principles requiring equal treatment, protecting student-initiated meetings,…

This chapter reports cases that involve some type of tort claim within the school context. Torts are civil claims brought against a person or organization on grounds that the person or organization violated a responsibility not to injure another party. Most of the cases discussed deal with accusations that the school or an employee of the school…

A comment on two court cases gives an overview of the eleventh-amendment analysis, used by some federal courts in suits against state colleges and universities, that argues that the institutions are alter-egos of the state and independent to face suit in federal court. (MSE)

Evaluates the Supreme Court's decisions relating to education during the past few years and the effect that the retirement of Justice Lewis Powell will have on the balance of the Supreme Court. Discusses nominee Robert Bork and his possible effect if he becomes a member of the Supreme Court. (MD)

A new interpretation of the Copyright Clause of the Constitution supports the claim that it is unconstitutional for: (1) Congress to permit copyright by federal contractors on works commissioned by federal contract for compensation, and (2) the Copyright Office to register a copyright application from such a federal contractor. (Author/CLB)

The Mathews decision cuts across several basic principles: the right of persons injured by unconstitutional government conduct to an adequate remedy; the power of Federal courts to adjudicate constitutional claims; and the right of litigants to petition for redress of their grievances. (Author/RDN)

Rather than allowing the unconstitutional Bible study program to remain in the schools in a modified form, the Court should have opted for a released-time arrangement. Available from Tennessee Law Review Association, Inc., 1505 W. Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, TN 37916. (Author/IRT)

Using cases concerning access to rights, argues that the state owes an affirmative obligation to provide an adequate level of education and that this obligation is consistent with the federalism concerns expressed in "Rodriguez." Available from School of Law, University of Santa Clara, Santa Clara, CA 95053. (IRT)

Although the Supreme Court has refrained from answering whether the membership policies of private clubs can be attacked on state action grounds, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals held in the affirmative in Golden v. Biscayne Bay Yacht Club. It ruled that leasing publicly owned bay bottom land to a yacht club constituted sufficient state…

Examines Supreme Court decisions in two cases (Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan, United States v. Virginia), addressing the constitutionality of single-sex public colleges. Describes a tool for evaluating equality (the "capability approach") that fills out and lends clarity to underdeveloped aspects of the Court's inquiry. The…

The United States Supreme Court has refused to articulate a hierarchy among the guarantees of speech, press, assembly, and petition. The Court also has avoided specifying whether expression rights or safeguards against religious establishment are dominant. Addresses litigation indicating that free speech protections prevail when they collide with…