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Kehoe, E. James; Ludvig, Elliot A.; Sutton, Richard S. – Learning & Memory, 2014
The present experiment tested whether or not the time course of a conditioned eyeblink response, particularly its duration, would expand and contract, as the magnitude of the conditioned response (CR) changed massively during acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition. The CR duration remained largely constant throughout the experiment, while CR…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Eye Movements, Responses, Animals
Piñeyro, Marcelo E.; Monti, Roque I. Ferrer; Alfei, Joaquín M.; Bueno, Adrián M.; Urcelay, Gonzalo P. – Learning & Memory, 2014
It has been suggested that, unlike pure extinction which typically results in the return of the fear response under a variety of circumstances, memory reactivation followed by extinction can attenuate the reemergence of conditioned fear. The reactivation-extinction procedure has attracted the attention of basic and clinical researchers due to its…
Descriptors: Memory, Fear, Responses, Conditioning
Fenton, Georgina E.; Pollard, Amelia K.; Halliday, David M.; Mason, Rob; Bredy, Timothy W.; Stevenson, Carl W. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress, are more prevalent in women and are characterized by impaired inhibition of learned fear and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dysfunction. Here we examined sex differences in fear extinction and mPFC activity in rats. Females showed more learned fear expression during extinction and its recall, but…
Descriptors: Anxiety Disorders, Fear, Females, Conditioning
Bryan B. Gore; Marta E. Soden; Larry S. Zweifel – Learning & Memory, 2014
Dopamine is broadly implicated in fear-related processes, yet we know very little about signaling dynamics in these neurons during active fear conditioning. We describe the direct imaging of calcium signals of dopamine neurons during Pavlovian fear conditioning using fiber-optic confocal microscopy coupled with the genetically encoded calcium…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Measurement Equipment
Nakayama, Daisuke; Yamasaki, Yoshiko; Matsuki, Norio; Nomura, Hiroshi – Learning & Memory, 2013
Several studies have demonstrated the mechanisms involved in memory persistence after learning. However, little is known about memory persistence after retrieval. In this study, a protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin, was infused into the basolateral amygdala of mice 9.5 h after retrieval of contextual conditioned fear. Anisomycin attenuated…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Animals, Conditioning
Vallesi, Antonino; Lozano, Violeta N.; Correa, Angel – Cognition, 2013
Preparation over time is a ubiquitous capacity which implies decreasing uncertainty about when critical events will occur. This capacity is usually studied with the variable foreperiod paradigm, which consists in the random variation of the time interval (foreperiod) between a warning stimulus and a target. With this paradigm, response time (RT)…
Descriptors: Models, Intervals, Reaction Time, Prediction
Butler, Christopher W.; Wilson, Yvette M.; Gunnersen, Jenny M.; Murphy, Mark – Learning & Memory, 2015
Memory formation is thought to occur via enhanced synaptic connectivity between populations of neurons in the brain. However, it has been difficult to localize and identify the neurons that are directly involved in the formation of any specific memory. We have previously used "fos-tau-lacZ" ("FTL") transgenic mice to identify…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Animals, Animal Behavior
Vedora, Joseph; Grandelski, Katrina – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2015
The use of a simple-conditional discrimination training procedure, in which stimuli are initially taught in isolation with no other comparison stimuli, is common in early intensive behavioral intervention programs. Researchers have suggested that this procedure may encourage the development of faulty stimulus control during training. The current…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Teaching Methods, Toddlers, Autism
Hein, Vello; Emeljanovas, Arunas; Mieziene, Brigita – European Physical Education Review, 2018
The present study examined the validity of the factor structure and invariance of the Controlling Teacher Behaviours Scale (CTBS) across two nations. Data were collected from Estonian (n = 453) and Lithuanian (n = 431) students using the multidimensional measure of teachers' controlling behaviours. Multi-sample confirmatory factor analyses showed…
Descriptors: Physical Education, Factor Structure, Foreign Countries, Test Validity
Weidemann, Gabrielle; Best, Erin; Lee, Jessica C; Lovibond, Peter F. – Learning & Memory, 2013
Single-cue delay eyeblink conditioning is presented as a prototypical example of automatic, nonsymbolic learning that is carried out by subcortical circuits. However, it has been difficult to assess the role of cognition in single-cue conditioning because participants become aware of the simple stimulus contingency so quickly. In this experiment…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Conditioning, Learning, Contingency Management
Gilmartin, Marieke R.; Kwapis, Janine L.; Helmstetter, Fred J. – Learning & Memory, 2013
Activation of "N"-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in the prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PL mPFC) is necessary for the acquisition of both trace and contextual fear memories, but it is not known how specific NR2 subunits support each association. The NR2B subunit confers unique properties to the NMDAR and may differentially…
Descriptors: Brain, Fear, Conditioning, Biochemistry
Hylin, Michael J.; Orsi, Sara A.; Moore, Anthony N.; Dash, Pramod K. – Learning & Memory, 2013
The perineuronal net (PNN) surrounds neurons in the central nervous system and is thought to regulate developmental plasticity. A few studies have shown an involvement of the PNN in hippocampal plasticity and memory storage in adult animals. In addition to the hippocampus, plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been demonstrated to…
Descriptors: Brain, Fear, Conditioning, Neurological Organization
Tomash, J. J.; Reed, Phil – Learning and Motivation, 2013
Previous attempts at lie detection, such as the polygraph, have relied on physiological arousal to identify deception--but these responses have not proven to be as reliable as is necessary for widespread use. Conditioning procedures have been shown to increase the discriminative physiological arousal exhibited during deception, but have targeted…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Deception, Generalization, Physiology
Sachser, Ricardo Marcelo; Crestani, Ana Paula; Quillfeldt, Jorge Alberto; e Souza, Tadeu Mello; de Oliveira Alvares, Lucas – Learning & Memory, 2015
Despite the fact that the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) plays a pivotal role in emotional memory processing in different regions of the brain, its function in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) remains unknown. Here, using contextual fear conditioning in rats, we showed that a post-training intra-RSC infusion of the CB1R antagonist AM251…
Descriptors: Genetics, Cognitive Processes, Brain, Memory
Pevzner, Aleksandr; Guzowski, John F. – Learning & Memory, 2015
No studies to date have examined whether immediate-early gene (IEG) activation is driven by context memory recall. To address this question, we utilized the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) paradigm. In CPFE, animals acquire contextual fear conditioning through hippocampus-dependent rapid retrieval of a previously formed contextual…
Descriptors: Genetics, Correlation, Recall (Psychology), Context Effect