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Relapse of Evaluative Learning--Evidence for Reinstatement, Renewal, but Not Spontaneous Recovery, of Extinguished Evaluative Learning in a Picture-Picture Evaluative Conditioning Paradigm
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Luck, Camilla C.; Lipp, Ottmar V. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In evaluative conditioning, if one shape (conditional stimulus [CS]; CSp) is paired with pleasant unconditional stimulus (US) images and another (CSu) is paired with unpleasant US images differential CS valence and US expectancy develops, such that participants evaluate the CSp as more pleasant and more predictive of pleasant images than the CSu.…
Descriptors: Learning, Conditioning, Learning Processes, Evaluative Thinking
Juvenile Female Rats, but Not Male Rats, Show Renewal, Reinstatement, and Spontaneous Recovery Following Extinction of Conditioned Fear
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Park, Chun Hui J.; Ganella, Despina E.; Kim, Jee Hyun – Learning & Memory, 2017
Anxiety disorders emerge early, and girls are significantly more likely to develop anxiety compared to boys. However, sex differences in fear during development are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated juvenile male and female rats in the relapse behaviors following extinction of conditioned fear. In all experiments, 18-d-old rats first…
Descriptors: Animals, Anxiety Disorders, Gender Differences, Fear
Elucidating the Mechanisms of Fear Extinction in Developing Animals: A Special Case of NMDA Receptor-Independent Extinction in Adolescent Rats
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Bisby, Madelyne A.; Baker, Kathryn D.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2018
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are considered critical for the consolidation of extinction but recent work challenges this assumption. Namely, NMDARs are not required for extinction retention in infant rats as well as when extinction training occurs for a second time (i.e., reextinction) in adult rats. In this study, a possible third instance of…
Descriptors: Fear, Learning Processes, Conditioning, Brain
Children's Evaluation of the Hypothetical Administration of Implicit Rewards in the Classroom.
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Sharpley, Christopher F. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1987
The reactions of 84 elementary students to the hypothetical administration of rewards were studied. The subjects were interviewed under two experimental conditions: direct contingent rewards (DCR) and implicit rewards (IR). Results showed that students did not attribute others with the same sense of fairness in regard to IR conditions. (JAZ)
Descriptors: Children, Classroom Research, Conditioning, Elementary Education