The general aim of education is seen as creating possibilities for gaining experiences and acquiring knowledge, hence development of cognition. The knowledge ideal in education is understood within the frames of the historically produced scientific ideal, which also indicates the road by which knowledge may be obtained. This historical production…

Activity theory posits that culturally organized actions guide the acquisition and organization of knowledge. This theory was applied to the organization of knowledge within a large milk processing plant. The dairy was found to be organized by social knowledge, yet individuals creatively synthesized several domains of knowledge to organize their…

The question of whether or not art can be distinguished from all that is called visual culture has become central to art theoretical discussion over recent decades. This collection of essays and responses addresses this question with the specific aim of making sense of an epistemology of art, with the assumption that nothing less than a persuasive…

Examines the views of proof held by university-level mathematics students and teachers. Develops a framework for characterizing people's views of proof based on a distinction between public and private aspects of proof and the key ideas that link these two domains. (Author/KHR)

Analyzes (n=32) Brazilian secondary school students' interactions (conflicts, controversies, and arguments) as they participate in an intact 9th grade classroom activity designed to facilitate their understanding of heat energy and temperature. Reports that the differentiation between heat energy and temperature constitutes considerable…

Explores gender differences in the knowledge constructed about World War II by 11- and 12-year-old Scottish pupils. Reveals the young women's work showcased individuals while the young men framed World War II information using a world view. Illustrates the epistemological differences that can exist between male and female students as they…

The relationship between epistemological beliefs and learned helplessness and between conceptual understanding and application reasoning in conceptual change learning were investigated for 212 high school science students. Results support the importance of epistemological beliefs in predicting conceptual change learning. Implications for science…

Reviews the history of the epistemological and ontological underpinnings of science education and surveys other selected articles with this theme. (DDR)

Examines the influence of phenomenalism from a realist perspective and its offshoot, operationalism, on concept formation in biology. Compares the basic tenants of phenomenalism with those of realism. Contains 69 references. (DDR)

Seeks to identify some of the issues associated with the role of models in scientific explanations. Develops a typology of explanations and explores the notion of appropriateness in scientific explanations. Investigates the nature of models and their contribution to explanations. (DDR)

Mathematical theories are essential for explanations in physics, chemistry and engineering. These theories often incorporate functions that are defined by the irrelation to other variables in the theory but not with reference to experimental observations. The wave function in quantum mechanics is perhaps one of the best known example of such…

In the domain of research on physics education, results on students' conceptions show difficulties in physics learning. This paper aims to propose theoretical elements to interpret such learning difficulties related to physics teaching in the case of heat and temperature. Sections in this paper include: (1) Introduction; (2) Epistemological…

In this paper, Piaget's theory is analyzed using Locke's philosophy. The first part, "Mental Experiences," describes the author's view (with a tentative interpretation of Piaget's position) of reflection, abstraction, re-presentation, and the use of symbols. The second part, "Piaget's Theory of Abstraction," has four sections:…

While previous studies have recognized and have researched the resistance of students' scientific conception to change and the difficulty of the change of the conception's status, few have investigated the idea of conceptual ecology as the affective and motivational aspects might play when students are exposed to conceptual change learning. The…

Twenty-three intermediate grade students (seven with learning difficulties) completed a concept mapping and vocabulary quiz, with instructions highlighting the value of learning goals or performance goals. Children with varying learning histories mediated in-school learning with qualitatively distinct epistemologies, and the "learning goals" task…