This paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes three programs in computer-assisted instruction (CAI) that have been developed by the Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences at Stanford University and have performed well with underachieving children. These programs are in elementary arithmetic, initial…

This survey considers the instructional effectiveness, defined in terms of achievement test results, of traditional classroom instruction, instructional radio, instructional television, programmed instruction, and computer-assisted instruction and consolidates its findings with other surveys for macroscopic, comparative consideration. (JH)

The results of research on the effectiveness of four alternative instructional media are reviewed: traditional classroom instruction, instructional radio, instructional television, programed instruction, and computer-assisted instruction (CAI). It was concluded that students learn effectively from all these media; relatively few studies indicate…