Self-teaching booklets and computer media were evaluated for teaching diagnostic testing with first (n=49), second (n=41) and third year (n=71) dental students as a foundation for further development of clinical decision-making skills. Results found the media more effective than no instruction and equally effective to the traditional lecture…

Conversational indices of language impairment were used to investigate similarities and differences among children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and children with typical development (TD). Utterance formulation measures (per cent words mazed and average number of words per…

A representative sample of 7-14-year-old young people in southeast Brazil (N=1251) was assessed using standardized parent and youth interviews, thereby identifying an "at-risk" group of young people who met one or more DSM-IV criteria for anorexia and/or bulimia nervosa. These young people were compared with an age and gender matched…

Introduction: This study used quality of life and resilience as theoretical frameworks for evaluating predictors of outcomes for adults who received foster care services alumni of foster care and were diagnosed with a physical or psychiatric disability while in foster care. Method: First, outcomes for foster care alumni with and without physical…

The role of contextual information in the generation of early hypotheses during the clinical interview was studied with expert and novice medical diagnosticians: 18 experienced family physicians versus 5 new physicians and 12 final-year medical students. The 18 experts and 17 novices were presented with 32 short case histories each presented on…

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in health status between the sexes in both white and nonwhite adolescents. Data from the 1969 Health Examination Survey's large sample of 12- to 17-year-olds were used to build a group of scales (Exam, Home and Youth Scales). The information obtained from each scale was combined to produce a…

Describes a study in which eight reading specialists and eight graduate students diagnosed the same three reading disability cases. Compares and analyzes the differences in their diagnoses and in their prescriptions for remediation. (FL)

The extent to which laboratory investigation by interns and residents could be considered "excessive" on general medical floors at a teaching hospital is assessed. The ordering of tests by attending physicians was compared with that of residents at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada. (MLW)

Two methods of assessing medical students' problem-solving skills were compared in actual use: a modified essay question and a structured oral examination based on it. The reliability and validity of each were found to be similar. (MSE)

The professionals displayed no greater consensus in their decisions than did the paraprofessionals. The professionals, especially psychologists, were more confident of their decisions. The psychologists were most consistent and focused in their manner of gathering information. (Author)

The present study was designed to define the relationship between the supposed syndrome of hyperactivity and that of aggressive conduct disorder. (Author/DB)

Collecting patient morbidity information in academic ambulatory practice is useful for research, practice management, and evaluation and planning of educational programs. Three methods of morbidity data collection were compared to determine which was most accurate. (Author/MLW)

Parental ratings on Aggressiveness and Social Responsibility were compared to clinical staff diagnoses for 120 children. Results showed a consistent relationship on behavior disorder and hyperkinesis, indicating the potential usefulness of parent ratings as a tool in the interdisciplinary diagnosis of children. (Author/SJL)

Comparison and analysis of the restorative treatment recommendations made by dentists and dental school students for 63 patients found about 85% agreement on treatment plans. It is observed that the results provide some basis on which to assess how well dental school treatments reflect mainstream practice. (MSE)

This study represents the first to assess whether a relationship between manic symptoms and feeding/mealtime behavior problems exists in individuals with ID. Participants were compared across three groups (manic, non-manic psychiatrically impaired, and controls) on the diagnostic assessment for the severely handicapped-revised (DASH-II) and young…