Compared Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles of 1- to 6-month olds during weekly videotapes of mother/infant interaction for clues regarding emotional significance. Correlated levels of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiling within sessions; found that they had similar developmental trajectories. Duchenne smiles were typically preceded by non-Duchenne…

This study examined associations between sociometric status and friendship quality using observational and questionnaire data from 139 fourth-grade girls and their friends. Multivariate analyses of covariance (controlling for ethnicity and socioeconomic status) showed that rejected girls and their friends did not differ in their reported…

This study examined age-related changes in the relationship between children's perceptions of how peers treat them, their affective distress, and their position within the peer group. Subjects were 380 boys and girls (163 second graders and 217 fifth graders) from 4 Greensboro, North Carolina, elementary schools. Children's sociometric status was…

Critical thinking and creative thinking are explored. Critical thinking is the process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, or evaluating information. It includes affective strategies such as thinking independently and developing intellectual perseverance. Certain teaching behaviors can encourage critical…

Congruency testing of stated curriculum objectives and their observed or measured affective behavior counterparts among current students and recent graduates of five nursing education programs revealed discrepancies ranging from slight to extreme. (The programs were representative of the three major types of nursing education: (1) diploma…

Data on the attention patterns of Sesame Street's intended target audience were analyzed and compared with data on middle-class children. Attention scores gleaned from a series of formative research studies performed in New York day care centers in 1972 and 1973 yielded the following conclusions: (1) within each of the four categories of affect…

This observational study investigated children's temperaments and their relation to behavior and emotion across different contexts. Temperament, or individual behavioral style, was conceptualized as the manifestation of affect displays and social behaviors in context, with emotions acting as signals for interactions. Ratings of child temperament…

This study examined the influence of expressive strategies, emotion type, social context, and gender on 144 elementary-school-age children's expectancies regarding interpersonal responses to their emotional expression. Findings indicated that children expected others to respond more positively to verbal and facial strategies than to aggressive…

Investigated the extent to which individual differences in attachment may be related to clients' perception of the working alliance. Working alliance ratings were collected from participants (n=60) immediately after their third counseling session. Found a significant association between the depend dimension of attachment and client working…

High school students with learning disabilities (LD), low achievement, or average achievement responded, several times daily, to questions concerning levels of affect, activation, cognitive efficiency, self-esteem, motivation, and feedback from others. LD students reported feeling more positive and active than the other groups during school hours;…

The influence of the Doctor Fox effect on student ratings on instruction was examined. The idea for the Doctor Fox effect stemmed from the work of Erving Goffman and his notion that expressive behavior may influence an audience as much or more than substance when there is little time or reason for the audience to evaluate the presentation (1950).…

This study presents the 1973-1974 evaluation findings for the New Jersey individually Guided Education (IGE) process. Student outcomes in the cognitive and affective domain were investigated in the IGE setting and in the control setting. Additionally, factors which may facilitate a long-term commitment to the IGE process were examined. Included in…

Examined gender differences regarding anger among 557 elementary school students. Findings reveal no significant differences in anger expression between genders. Boys reported significantly higher levels of aggressive responses. School location was an important variable with urban school students expressing anger at significantly higher levels…

Discusses a review of 34 qualitative and non-qualitative studies related to affective and social aspects of student-computer interactions. Highlights include the nature of the human-computer interaction (HCI); the interface, comparing graphic and text types; and the relation between variables linked to HCI, mainly trust, locus of control,…

Compares the extent to which adolescents worry about nuclear war to their frequency of worry about other issues. Looks at the empirical relationships among worry and grade level, gender, trait emotionality, and drug use. Results indicate that adolescents worry more often about school performance and social interactions than about nuclear war.…