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Direct linkWagner, Elvis; Liao, Yen-Fen; Wagner, Santoi – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2021
L2 test developers often use scripted spoken texts in their L2 listening tests, because it is efficient and practical to create scripted spoken texts that meet predetermined test specifications. But because scripted spoken texts differ in a number of fundamental ways from unscripted spoken language, there are potential threats to validity when…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Grammar
Chen, Sun-I – 1986
To determine formal principles of discourse processing and production, a study reviewed theories in various disciplines related to language and/or thought and thereby rationalized an approach of quantitative matrix analysis to the problems caused by discrepant discourse structures encountered in second language learning. Statistical analyses of…
Descriptors: Capitalism, Chinese, Communication Research, Communism
