Institutions of higher education commonly employ a conjunctive standard setting strategy, which requires students to resit failed examinations until they pass all tests. An alternative strategy allows students to compensate a failing grade with other test results. This paper uses regression discontinuity design to compare the effect of first-year…

The interdependence between the first and second language of bilingual immigrant children has not received sufficient attention in research. Most studies concentrate on mainstream language skills of immigrant pupils. In some studies, the gaps in the language development of immigrant children are documented by comparing mainstream pupils with…

Compares elementary and secondary schools in the Netherlands with respect to the consistency of achievement scores across subjects at individual and school levels. The analysis shows less consistency at the student level within schools. At the school level, consistency appears lower in secondary education. (SLD)