Concludes that Japanese managers tend to rely more often on altruism-based strategies to gain compliance, while American managers tend to rely more often on reward- or punishment-based strategies. (MS)

A study was conducted to determine if the Japanese use logic and argument in different ways than do Westerners. The study analyzed sample rebuttal speeches (in English) of 14 Japanese debaters using the Toulmin model of argument. In addition, it made comparisons with a sample of speeches made by 5 American high school debaters. Audiotapes of the…

Presents an inductive, holistic method of analysis of face-to-face communication based on simulated business negotiations between Japanese and American businesspeople. (JC)

Indicates that the incidence of communication apprehension among the Americans was significantly lower than that among the Japanese but significantly higher than that among the Australians or Koreans. (Author/RL)

An exploratory study focused on United States and Japanese college students' perceptions of their communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and sense of humor in various communication situations. Subjects, 110 students selected from several scientific and technical communication classes at the University of Minnesota and 108 students…

To examine how different cultures define and express love, a study focused on the discourse concerning love as advanced by four students from India, Iran, Japan, and Norway. The discourse was recorded on two different occasions: an extended interview about students' perceptions of love both in their countries and in the United States; and a panel…

Focusing upon the interactive work-group communication patterns of employees classified as "managers," this paper compares such communication observed in Japanese and United States business and industrial organizations. The paper first describes several models of decision making within American and Japanese organizations, highlighting…

A study examined levels of reported communication apprehension in Japanese elementary and secondary school students and to compare them to normative levels of apprehension of American children and adolescents. The Personal Report of Communication Fear (PRCF) was administered to 1,446 students from 6 elementary, junior, and high schools in Japan.…

The Communicator Style Measure (CSM) was administered to 731 students in Japanese universities and 520 American students at the University of Hawaii to discover if members of certain ethnic or national groups possessed a style of speaking that distinguished them from members of other groups. The CSM contains 51 randomly ordered items that inquire…

Values are the evaluative and judgmental facet of a culture's "personal orientation system," helping its members determine what is right or wrong, good or bad, important or unimportant. However, the values which are of primary importance to citizens of a particular country may be of only secondary or tertiary importance to citizens of…