Social services in China are provided primarily by local street offices and residents' committees, both serving as mechanisms for social and political control. Improvements in community development are dependent on professional training and separation from political education and mobilization. (SK)

Two case studies, China and Synanon, reveal common features in the process of integrating the young into the world of work and civic responsibility through intensive feedback, the work ethic, geographic mobility, role models, and group atmosphere. (Author/DW)