Boom towns appear to have greater problems of substance abuse associated with economic change indicators than communities suffering from sudden economic declines. A study of 14 communities experiencing sudden economic dislocations revealed a lack of consistent trends, although some depressed communities experienced increases in alcohol abuse. In response to the serious alcohol problems of boom towns, some companies, concerned about absenteeism rates and liability for workers' safety, have begun to develop alcohol treatment programs. In general, agency treatment services are limited. More knowledge about the relationship between substance abuse and economic conditions should enhance the development of appropriate treatment programs. (JAC)