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Situated Willingness to Communicate in an L2: Interplay of Individual Characteristics and Context

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Yashima, Tomoko; MacIntyre, Peter D.; Ikeda, Maiko – Language Teaching Research, 2018

Recently, situated willingness to communicate (WTC) has received increasing research attention in addition to traditional quantitative studies of trait-like WTC. This article is an addition to the former but unique in two ways. First, it investigates both trait and state WTC in a classroom context and explores ways to combine the two to reach a…

Descriptors: Individual Characteristics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, College Students

Investigating the Relative Effects of Persons, Items, Sections, and Languages on TOEIC Score Dependability

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Zhang, Su – Language Testing, 2006

This study applied generalizability theory to investigate the contributions of persons, items, sections, and language backgrounds to the score dependability of the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC). I replicated and extended Brown's (1999) study of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), using data from two…

Descriptors: Communication (Thought Transfer), Generalizability Theory, English (Second Language), Scores

Challenging Student Approaches to ESL Vocabulary Development.

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Lessard-Clouston, Michael – TESL Canada Journal, 1994

Describes the use of a questionnaire on ESL (English-as-a-Second-Language) students' methods of vocabulary learning as a springboard for class discussion of helpful strategies suggested in the literature. Background for the activity is described, procedures and results are outlined, and suggestions for using a similar questionnaire in other ESL…

Descriptors: Assignments, Class Activities, Communication (Thought Transfer), Discussion (Teaching Technique)