Male and female subjects studied photographs of females who differed in somatic appearance and read information about traits. Subjects estimated the probability that the stimulus person possessed other gender-related traits and engaged in gender-related behaviors. Results support a multiple-component construction of stereotypes, with physical…

Examined family background variables in relation to women's (N=400) adherence to feminist ideology and commitment to a self-perception as a "feminist." Results showed the only factors differentiating women who uphold feminist ideology from those who do not is perception of mothers' ideology and nonreligious background. (WAS)

Surveyed college students (N=167) about norms for sexual behavior. Concluded that the "permissiveness with affection" norm exists and violators of this norm are negatively labeled, but different standards apply to men and women. Suggests counselors become aware of the complexity of this sex code and their own biases. (JAC)

Investigated the incidence, nature, and impact of everyday sexism among college students. Data from daily diaries indicated that women experienced one to two significant sexist incidents per week that affected their psychological well-being (e.g., gender role stereotypes, prejudice, demeaning comments and behaviors, and sexual objectification).…

Although attractive people are often assumed to have many socially desirable characteristics, observers also attribute certain negative traits to them (i.e., more snobbish, more materialistic, more likely to be unfaithful). To examine whether unattractive people would be seen as more machiavellian (having more negative traits) and whether…

Stimatizing attitudes and expectations toward mentally ill individuals often lead to their behavioral confirmation. To investigate attitudes and behaviors towards people described as seeking psychological counseling, 136 college students (68 males, 68 females) took part in a mixed-sex dyadic conversation. One dyad member was randomly chosen as the…

Many questions about how couples construe violence between intimate partners remain unanswered. In order to examine the "labeling" of violence, attitudes about intimate violence, and victims' reactions to assault, 125 undergraduate students completed a three-part questionnaire, including a Battering Empathy Scale (BES), a section…

After tutoring experience, five college students who tutored handicapped children responded more negatively and 27 tutors of nonhandicapped children responded less negatively to labels, Mentally Handicapped Child and Normal Child, than previously. The former label was more negatively rated than Normal Child. (Author)

One hundred thirty-four college students (mean age 19.9 years) were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-year-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. (Author)

College students (N=308) were asked to function in a judgmental activity assumed to correspond to the diagnostic activity of categorizing a target person as "mentally ill." Analysis of scores shows subjects regard the target person as more negative and more "maladjusted" when the interviewer enacts expected appropriate professional interest.…

Uses a general theory of domain identification to describe achievement barriers faced by women in advanced quantitative areas and African Americans in school. Research with approximately 250 African American college students and standardized test scores show the effects of stereotype threat on the achievement of these groups. (SLD)

To investigate reactions to violence between intimate partners, 125 undergraduates (68 males, 57 females) completed a three-part questionnaire. The instrument assessed general attitudes about violence between intimates, respondents' personal history as victim or abuser, and their willingness to use the label "battering". In addition, 24…

University students presented with a description of a stimulus person whose title of address was varied (Ms., Mrs., Miss, or Mr.) conveyed their impressions on semantic differential ratings and life outcome ratings. Found women who preferred the title Ms. appeared more achievement oriented, socially assertive, and dynamic, but less interpersonally…

Studied employment discrimination against criminal offenders. College students (N=106) reviewed job applications of 16 hypothetical applicants. Results showed a clear and systematic bias against offenders in general, regardless of relative qualifications, and regardless of whether the person was only arrested or actually convicted of charges. (WAS)

Investigation of the varying impact of ethnic names for Mexican Americans on the stereotyping behavior of White university undergraduates indicated that Anglo students tended to view Chicanos, but not Mexican Americans, as ignorant and cruel and that they described Mexican Americans as faithful and Hispanics as talkative and tradition-loving. (CM)