To examine the effect of learning contracts on independent study students, study contracts were offered to high school and university students. The contracts were found to be effective in stimulating students to complete initial assignments, but their effect on course completion rate was weak. (CJ)

Describes an independent study program for college students who wish to pursue a truly independent course of studies. Gives examples of individual programs which grew from students' needs and professional experience. Outlines guidelines for independent study. (Author/RC)

A study of the interactive effects of achievement anxiety, academic achievement, and instructional mode on performance and course attitudes found evidence that for the students with low cumulative point-hour ratios and initially high anxiety, the television lecture-supervised laboratory mode provided a more facilitating learning environment. (LRA)

Introducing exemplary theory and research findings bearing upon adult experiential learning, this article describes three emerging learning models that are "active" oriented. Implications for the future in terms of individual learning and postsecondary institutions are highlighted. (Author/DS)

The purpose was to collect concurrent and predictive validity data for three study skill instruments frequently used for diagnostic purposes in Canadian high schools and universities. Tests examined were: McGraw-Hill Study Skills Test; McGraw-Hill Inventory of Study Habits and Attitudes; and Study Attitudes and Methods Survey. (Author)

A self-administered assertiveness training program trained refusal of unreasonable requests from strangers and close relationships. Comparison with a placebo program indicated the assertiveness program produced superior effectiveness of assertion, content of assertion, verbalization of assertion-related obligations, persistent assertive…

Focuses on a program providing foreign language instruction to students whose background derives from the country of that language's origin. The article notes that students in this program work on their own, coming together for small group conversation sessions. The article points out that these students often regard the study of their language as…

Claims that the major obstacle to active learning techniques comes from students. To free class time for active learning, students must take on the responsibility for learning factual information on their own. Looks at ways to explain the benefits of active education and to orient students in this approach. (RJM)

The survey of about 1,000 students at a Hong Kong University found a decrease in students' use of a deep approach to study and an increased tendency to adopt a surface approach between their first and final years. Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, surface demands, workload, and teaching style are given as possible explanations. (Author/MLW)

Examines ways in which the cross-cultural aspects of learning a second language may be integrated with the objective of achieving communicative competence. The article suggests that foreign-language studies constitute for the learner a preparation for a way of thinking and behaving that views the "foreigner" as a necessary and enriching value. (23…

Describes an experience of introducing a "Records of Achievement" scheme in university extramural language courses. The article discusses the effectiveness of existing teaching/learning styles and examines the way in which records of achievement could foster autonomous learning. Student reaction to recording progress as a means of sustaining…

As one element of a self-directed learning program at the Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain, students make a contribution to the self-access center (SAC) in the form of a language learning worksheet or other English-enhancing activity. The student contributions are evaluated by other students and added to the SAC materials banks. This initiative…

For the past eight years the University of Michigan has offered two different styles of biochemistry courses each semester, one a standard lecture-based and discussion-section (SLB) course and one a self-paced, non-lecture Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) course. We tracked student responses to selected exam questions that were used in…

Independent learning and independent learning strategies are at present significant topics in educational research. The bulk of this research deals with independent learning in junior and higher education with little based upon the further education sector. The focus of this article is the interpretation of independent learning by 16- to…

This self-paced workbook is designed to introduce college students to the resources and facilities of the library and to providing the knowledge and skills necessary to do basic library research. Two introductory chapters include a library-specific tour with floor plans (the D. Leonard Corgan Library, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania) and information…