A visual search task for target letters in multiletter displays was used to investigate information- processing differences between college students and presecond-grade children. (Author/DB)

Describes the development of the capacity of encoding unfamiliar voices and compares this development with the development of the capacity for encoding faces. Subjects were 20 students from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and 20 children aged 6 to 16. (MP)

Three experiments evaluated color specificity knowledge and related semantic effects on recognition memory. (Author/SB)

Reports on an experiment in which 46 undergraduates at Indiana University were exposed to television and newspaper stories, tested for factual recall, and retested after 2 days thinking time. Results indicate an improvement in recall over time (hypermnesia) that was more pronounced for visual images. (42 references) (EA)

First and fifth graders and college students were presented with pictures or spoken names of common objects and asked to make judgments about the comparative size of the objects. Judgment response times were faster with pictures than with words and varied with the ratio of the sizes of the objects. (BC)

In a human fear conditioning paradigm using the skin conductance response (SCR), participants were assigned to two groups. Following identical acquisition, group ABA (n = 16) was extinguished to a generalization stimulus (GS), whereas group AAB (n = 20) was extinguished to the conditioned stimulus (CS). At test, presenting the CS in group ABA…

This study tested the effect of varying levels of fearful information about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and self-efficacy of condom use on attitudes toward condom use and STD prevention. College students (N=118) from an introductory psychology class were exposed to audiotaped information about several STDs. Those in the high fear…

Two studies were conducted to train students to use imagery in their learning and to investigate whether such training would transfer to solving visual puzzles and verbal problems. In the first study, with 78 graduate students, 29 experimental-group subjects were given a lecture and slide presentation designed to teach about imagery. Both the…

The visual scanning of redundant and random spatial configurations of two-digit numbers was investigated in a target recognition task. The experimental technique involved a brief exposure of a probe (a two-digit number) at the center of the visual field, followed by a spatial pattern of 16 two-digit numbers which included the matching target in…

The spatial layout of visual displays was evaluated by means of three magnitude estimation tasks and one reproduction task. Each stimulus display consisted of 16 randomly-drawn, two-digit numbers. Six different spatial layouts, or display types, were used: systematic vs. random spatial order of numbers; regular vs. irregular boundaries of the…

A well established finding in the discrimination learning literature is that pictures are learned more rapidly than their associated verbal labels. It was hypothesized in this study that the usual superiority of pictures over words in a discrimination list containing same-instance repetitions would disappear in a discrimination list containing…