This introductory chapter provides a framing of non-Christian students in higher education. It begins by providing data on the current contexts on the religious identities of college students. Additionally, the chapter examines the concept of Christian privilege and how religious discrimination is institutionalized in the organizational structures of higher education. Primarily, this chapter is a historical overview of the marginalization of non-Christian students on colleges and universities. From the time the colleges and universities were founded, Christianity has been embedded in the function and mission of higher education. This has led to the continual marginalization of non-Christian students throughout history. The chapter concludes with an overview of the volume.