The Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) Scale was used to evaluate male and female students in Eastern, Western and Middle Eastern societies. Results showed that Japanese students scored higher on external source control tests than students from other countries while Indian students scored lower on these tests. (EK)

Avoidance strategy use, techniques used to deal with unwelcome requests from others, has been found to vary along compliance and bilateral dimensions in intimate relationships. Examined avoidance strategy use among undergraduates from United States (U.S.) and Mexico. Found U.S. women used more nonverbal disapproval and voicing objections than did…

To determine if personality characteristics reflect influences of culture, while sex differences remain similar across cultures, 100 Indonesian and 100 American college students completed the Cattell Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, in the appropriate language. An analysis of the results showed that females in both cultures were higher than males…

This study reported data on American and British college student samples for the Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism (PEN) Inventory. The pattern of significant intercorrelations tended to be in accord with previous work on prior related inventories. Similarities and differences among the sample descriptive statistics were discussed.…

Male and female college students in several countries assessed various forms of social behavior in this study of cross-cultural agreement in moral judgments. (MP)

Literature in simulations and games reveals a lack of research in the area of effects of simulations on personal characteristics of participants. Cross-cultural simulation scores yielded a significant effect for creative ability and revealed significant interaction of creative ability and sex. (Author)

Leadership has been considered a personality trait, some specific type of behavior to be learned, or the result of a combination of circumstances. As a special instance of leadership, management style has suffered the same definitional problems, but lately it has been considered a complex phenomenon, with three basic elements: the leader, the…

The results of this study, taken together and compared with data from previous studies, suggest that the locus of control variable may be tapping some basic psychological dimension common to both Chinese and American cultures. (Author/AM)

The findings from this study provide tentative evidence that the concept of internal-external control may be one psychological construct which is meaningful across cultures. (Author/AM)

Compared Israeli and American college students and found that fewer Israeli males were classified as androgynous. Also found that Israeli and American females were very similar in terms of mean masculine and feminine Bem Sex Role Inventory scores, but that Israeli males had significantly lower masculine scores than American males. (GC)

Administered Expectations about Counseling-Brief form and Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans to 213 Mexican-American and 137 Anglo-American college students. Found no significant group effects when evaluating levels of acculturation, gender, and previous experience with counseling for their influence on expressed expectations in each…

Expectation theory, developed during the 1930s and 1940s, explains human behavior in terms of interaction between person and situation characteristics, as they are perceived by the individual. This study is centered on the expectations of Belgian and Brazilian undergraduates about their first professional job. Recent research about work…

An investigation of the cross-cultural validity of the femininity (Fe) scale in samples of 300 male and 300 female Japanese university students found that 30 of the 38 items differentiated in the same direction as in the original U.S. studies and also that the total score on the scale gave good separation between the Japanese males and females.…

Presents findings of a study which compared the sex-role attitudes of American and Indian college students. Reports that Indians, and males of both countries, are more traditional in their sex-role attitudes and that sex was the most significant predictor of variance. Discusses these differences in the context of cultural diversity. (KH)