A study conducted in a predominantly black university investigated the ways in which African American students of Spanish described Hispanics, and changes in these perceptions across Spanish language instructional levels. Subjects were 26 students in Spanish 101, 25 in Spanish 102, and 26 in Spanish 201. Measures used were a semantic differential…

This study investigated: the relationship between second language (L2) students' perceptions of teacher caring and learning; the relationship between L2 students' perceptions of nonverbal immediacy (e.g., eye contact, gestures, movement within the classroom, smiling, vocal variety, and use of humor) and learning; and the relationship between L2…

A study investigated the different kinds of resistance techniques used by students in the college Spanish language classroom. Subjects were 30 undergraduate students, 10 at each of three instructional levels, representing a wide range of academic majors and concentrations. All completed a version of the Compliance-Resistance Techniques and…

This paper begins with a literature review of research on syntactic maturity, defined as the developmental stages from one- and two-word utterances to the hierarchical structures of adult speech, and seeks to answer questions in the context of past and current research in this area. It attempts to study some of the ramifications of the movement…

This study provides some evidence of significant differences between the Redundancy and Bottom-to-Top Models in sequencing four-semester elementary and intermediate Spanish courses using the ACT Spanish Test Form 1 as the dependent variable. T-test results of independent samples (unequal variances model) were 0.056. Results also indicated that…