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Travis, Susan L.; Mattingley, Jason B.; Dux, Paul E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The human visual system receives more information than can be consciously processed. To overcome this capacity limit, we employ attentional mechanisms to prioritize task-relevant (target) information over less relevant (distractor) information. Regularities in the environment can facilitate the allocation of attention, as demonstrated by the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Cues, Cognitive Processes
Sewell, David K.; Smith, Philip L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
The attention literature distinguishes two general mechanisms by which attention can benefit performance: gain (or resource) models and orienting (or switching) models. In gain models, processing efficiency is a function of a spatial distribution of capacity or resources; in orienting models, an attentional spotlight must be aligned with the…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Attention Control, Experimental Psychology, Visual Stimuli
Thompson, William Forde; Schellenberg, E. Glenn; Letnic, Adriana Katharine – Psychology of Music, 2012
We examined the effect of background music on reading comprehension. Because the emotional consequences of music listening are affected by changes in tempo and intensity, we manipulated these variables to create four repeated-measures conditions: slow/low, slow/high, fast/low, fast/high. Tempo and intensity manipulations were selected to be…
Descriptors: Music, Reading Comprehension, Influences, Emotional Response
Lewandowsky, Stephan; Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
What drives forgetting in working memory? Recent evidence suggests that in a complex-span task in which an irrelevant processing task alternates with presentation of the memoranda, recall declines when the time taken to complete the processing task is extended while holding the time for rehearsal in between processing steps constant (Portrat,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Psychology
Rhodes, Gillian; Lie, Hanne C.; Ewing, Louise; Evangelista, Emma; Tanaka, James W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2010
Discrimination and recognition are often poorer for other-race than own-race faces. These other-race effects (OREs) have traditionally been attributed to reduced perceptual expertise, resulting from more limited experience, with other-race faces. However, recent findings suggest that sociocognitive factors, such as reduced motivation to…
Descriptors: Memory, Recall (Psychology), Whites, Asians
Kemps, Eva; Tiggemann, Marika; Grigg, Megan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2008
Using Tiffany's (1990) cognitive model of drug use and craving as a theoretical basis, the present experiments investigated whether cravings for food expend limited cognitive resources. Cognitive performance was assessed by simple reaction time (Experiment 1) and an established measure of working memory capacity, the operation span task…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Cues, Reaction Time, Drug Use
Pracana, Clara, Ed.; Wang, Michael, Ed. – Online Submission, 2016
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 30 of April to 2 of May, 2016. Psychology, nowadays, offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and…
Descriptors: Conferences (Gatherings), Educational Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology