Background: It is crucial to use innovative tools to gain clinical reasoning skills through experiential learning in pharmacy education, and one of the most effective tools used in this is virtual reality. However, the lack of research that empirically demonstrates the instructional principles of virtual environment design, especially in the…

Educational design research (EDR) was applied to address the challenge of providing more public health professionals with opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills related to Good Clinical Practices (GCP) inspections. The conduct of clinical research in accordance with the principles of GCP is necessary to ensure that clinical research…

Interprofessional student service-learning experiences are integrated into the preventive care of older adult residents of public housing in Appalachia. Receiving a Health Resources and Services Administration grant provided the College of Nursing at East Tennessee State University the opportunity to expand interprofessional clinical experiences…

Objective: To explore the perceptions of General Medical Practitioners and pharmacist supplementary prescribers of the training provided for qualification as a pharmacist supplementary prescriber, and the experience of pharmacist supplementary prescribers of subsequent continuing professional development in practice. Design: A qualitative study of…

Studies consistently confirm that there is an extensive need for new theoretical and practical directions for communication in disciplines (CID) programmes. The CID pedagogy calls for more specialized training with more specialized methods in particular professions. This study presents a method developed for practical training studies in pharmacy…

Professional preparatory health programmes generally involve clinical placements with a focus on integration of theory into real life practice. Reflective writing is often included in the assessment requirements for clinical placement courses. However enabling students to engage in deeper levels of reflective writing in action, on action and for…

A computer-assisted pharmaceutical laboratory experience requires students to systematically review patient profiles and product availability before judging prescriptions for dispensing. Trial use suggests that the method is as effective as and more efficient than the traditional laboratory. (MSE)

The use of distance education for clinical skills development in the health professions has not been extensively described, due in part to the intensive nature of the relationship between the patient and practitioner. In the context of pharmacy practice, there are specific needs to develop new vehicles for clinical skills education due to growing…

A clerkship at the University of Southern California School of Pharmacy was developed to provide students with (1) experience in the identification, development,, implementation, and evaluation of patient care services in community pharmacies and (2) the skills required to successfully operate a community pharmacy on a day-to-day basis.…

A study that continues research by other investigators into the effect of pharmaceutical education on student perceptions of occupational roles is discussed. The focus was on whether experiential training was related to the disillusionment of pharmacy students with their chosen occupation as originally identified by Knapp in the 1960s. (MLW)

A computerized, simulation-based instrument, consisting of four community practice clinical scenarios, collected information-searching data and the students' decisions. The appropriateness of the decisions, assessed by three clinical judges, and the focus of information search, based on the computer-collected process data, were the dependent…

The University of Montana School of Pharmacy has included a miniexternship experience in a required introductory course. Goals of a survey of 67 first year students and 17 preceptors included students' demographic profile and prior exposure to pharmacy practice, assessment of the influence of the externship on career goals, etc. (MLW)

All present and past participants in a post-PharmD pharmacy residency program were surveyed in a program evaluation. The residency was comprised of rotations in the emergency room and each resident was required to meet for one hour each day with assigned clinical pharmacy faculty for the morning report. (Author/MLW)

The development, reliability, and validity of a practical examination to evaluate student attainment of course objectives in an externship program are described. Examination content was determined by surveying preceptors and suggestions from practicing pharmacists; the reliability was assessed by interrater agreement and internal consistency…

The origin, goals, and development of a clinical emphasis are reviewed, beginning with some fundamental developments in pharmacy practice and education brought about by economic, political, social, scientific, and technological forces. The challenge of fitting the desirable curriculum element into a limited program length is discussed. (MSE)