Educating and communicating about climate change is challenging. Researchers reported that climate change concepts are often misunderstood. Some people do not believe that climate change will have impacts on their own life. Other challenges may include people's difficulty in perceiving small or gradual environmental changes, the fact that overconsumption brings people power and recognition, people's weak connection to nature, and people's tendency to make emotional decisions and quickly solve environmental problems. Drawn from research, some climate change communication and education strategies are presented. Well designed environmental messages could convince people that they can still reduce the scale of the phenomenon and could link mitigation actions to people's positive desires or aspirations, while providing local examples of climate change impacts and illustrated information. In mitigation education, some strategies (future education, reflective, experiential, socio-constructivist approaches and the community of change), jointly used, could correct the learners' misconceptions and lead them to action. In adaptation education, scientists and citizens could get together to choose a specific problem that may worsen with climate change, analyze it, and propose and implement adaptations. In the meantime, pedagogical strategies inspired by cognitive science could strengthen the citizens' skills: posing and solving problems, decision-making, scenario building and sustainable planning.