School rules, classroom norms, and social and emotional learning (SEL) modules carefully define, hone, and regulate what counts as "appropriate" and "inappropriate" behavior from students. While the stated intention behind these practices is typically to promote a sense of safety, well-being, and productivity in schooling,…

One of the most complex and persistent issues in the field of education is the disproportionate number of students of color who are subject to exclusionary discipline and referral to special education. Despite a corpus of promising literature on culturally responsive teaching and classroom management, the predominantly White, female, middle-class…