This paper reviews research literature pertaining to the pain and anxiety associated with pediatric cancer and the use of hypnosis as an adjunct treatment. It is noted that pain and anxiety are most often associated with the procedural treatment of cancer, and that the literature suggests that both pain and anxiety are multi-faceted constructs. This review focuses on the pain and anxiety associated with treatment of the disease (bone-marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures, and chemotherapy), rather than the disease itself. The general results of the literature review suggest that pain and anxiety are significant aspects of unique pediatric cancer conditions, and that hypnosis can be effective in helping to alleviate the distress associated with cancer treatment. Limitations of the present research are considered; it is noted that assessment of cancer-related pediatric distress is difficult because only a small number of instruments are available for measuring distress and because the assessment process must take into account the developmental stage and coping styles of the child. Hypnosis is viewed as a behavioral technique that can help the child distort, displace, or transform the perception of pain, and self-hypnosis is viewed as a way of empowering the child which has both medical and non-medical benefits. Recommendations are made for future research, both in the area of pain assessment and in the field of hypnosis for children. (NB)