Nine-year-old boys identified as specific reading retarded and exhibiting general reading backwardness were compared to boys without reading delay. General reading backwardness was associated with a history of long-term cognitive and motor delay and specific reading retarded was only associated with lower verbal IQ and poor speech articulation.…

Differentiates between several terms used to refer to the five-year period between ages 9 through 13 (for example, "youth,""pubescence,""puberty," and "preadolescence"). Theories related to preadolescence, including the developmental theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson, are briefly discussed, and…

Children were given an opportunity to share a valuable commodity with an attractive or unattractive peer. Moments later, the peer appeared to fall from a chair. Results indicated older children shared more of their resources; sharing and responses to the emergency were positively correlated with empathic test scores. (Author/RC)

It appears that the ability of Black children to survive in the present educational system requires a reserved, detached manner, a clever and discerning awareness that permits them to handle the people within the environment, and the ability to obey and conform to the expectations encountered. (Author/GC)

Investigates the effects of medium, task, and instruction on the child's representation of the human figure, the origins and course of development of the child's representational effort, and the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), intelligence, age, sex, and mental retardation on the representation of the human figure. (Author/RK)

A study of children (ages 3-5 and 11-13) with autism (n=35), learning disabilities (n=26), or no disabilities (n=90) found that the nondisabled children were more lateralized than others in degree and consistency of handedness. No evidence was found of a dissociation of hand skill and hand preference in children with autism, compared to others.…

Used data from National Survey of Children to identify predivorce individual and family characteristics that explain portion of effect of parental separation on long-term well-being of children (educational and economic attainment, patterns of family formation, delinquency, psychological well-being). Divorce was associated with some outcomes,…

Results of a study involving 15 mentally retarded and 15 nonretarded control subjects matched for mental age suggest that some low-level aspects of person-related (and probably object-related) perception may not involve the same high-level symbolic functions typically employed in intelligence-quotient related functions. (SLD)

A profile is presented of the gender, age, and diagnoses of individuals with visual impairments in Finland. Services provided, current legislative measures, rehabilitation courses, and orientation and mobility training are also described. (JDD)

This article illustrates the usefulness of higher order factor analysis in demonstrating the presence of general intelligence as the factor underlying performance on 13 indicators of four identified multiple intelligences. Data are reanalyzed using maximum likelihood extraction with oblique rotation and indicate a general intelligence factor…

This article responds to a previous article that illustrated the usefulness of higher order factor analysis in demonstrating the presence of general intelligence as the factor underlying performance on 13 indicators of four identified multiple intelligences. Conceptual areas of difference and agreement are delineated. (Contains ten references.)…

Sixty-five parent-child pairs were studied to portray the potential family processes that put children at risk for obesity and to illustrate the household environment, parenting beliefs, and child characteristics of obese and non-obese children. Results suggest that efforts to curb childhood obesity should address improving parent knowledge of…

This article discusses research findings that indicate immunological abnormalities in children with autism, including the dysregulation of the immune system, and concludes that there are sufficient data to suggest a role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of autism. Various biological therapies are analyzed, including intravenous…

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Third Edition (D. Wechsler, 1991; WISC-III) is often used to identify subtest-based cognitive strengths and weaknesses that are subsequently used to generate interventions. Given that intelligence is presumed to be an enduring trait, cognitive strengths and weaknesses identified via subtest analysis…

The records of 1,661 children and adolescents who received 3,188 clinical low vision evaluations from a single examiner at low vision clinics sponsored by the Iowa Braille School over a 22-year period were surveyed to determine the characteristics of this population. The factors that were reviewed included age, sex, ocular condition,…