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Direct linkKatarina Rotta; Aidyn Raaymakers; Alan Poling – Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 2023
Physical activity has many benefits, but many individuals with developmental disabilities fail to exercise regularly. Procedures in which consequences were arranged for exercising, alone or as part of a treatment package, have consistently increased physical activity by members of this population. We review 19 studies that arranged such…
Descriptors: Physical Activity Level, Developmental Disabilities, Intervention, Physical Activities
Nussenbaum, Kate; Velez, Juan A.; Washington, Bradli T.; Hamling, Hannah E.; Hartley, Catherine A. – Child Development, 2022
Optimal integration of positive and negative outcomes during learning varies depending on an environment's reward statistics. The present study investigated the extent to which children, adolescents, and adults (N = 142 8-25 year-olds, 55% female, 42% White, 31% Asian, 17% mixed race, and 8% Black; data collected in 2021) adapt their weighting of…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Modeling (Psychology), Expectation, Decision Making
Muharib, Reem; Dowdy, Art; Rajaraman, Adithyan; Jessel, Joshua – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2022
Functional communication training, an intervention for challenging behavior rooted in principles of applied behavior analysis, has copious empirical support dating back to the mid-1980s for autistic individuals. Recently, there has been a concerted effort to thin reinforcement delivery during functional communication training using…
Descriptors: Communication Skills, Training, Intervention, Autism
DeQuinzio, Jaime Ann; Taylor, Bridget A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2015
We taught 4 participants with autism to discriminate between the reinforced and nonreinforced responses of an adult model and evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention using a multiple baseline design. During baseline, participants were simply exposed to adult models' correct and incorrect responses and the respective consequences of each.…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Autism, Children, Reinforcement
Ostvik, Leni; Eikeseth, Svein; Klintwall, Lars – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2012
This study replicated and extended Wright (2006) and Whitehurst, Ironsmith, and Goldfein (1974) by examining whether preschool aged children would increase their use of passive grammatical voice rather than using the more age-appropriate active grammatical construction when the former was modeled by an adult. Results showed that 5 of the 6…
Descriptors: Grammar, Verbal Stimuli, Positive Reinforcement, Verbs
Leaf, Justin B.; Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L.; Leaf, Ronald; Courtemanche, Andrea B.; Taubman, Mitchell; McEachin, John; Sheldon, Jan B.; Sherman, James A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may play with limited objects or toys, making it difficult for teachers to identify reinforcers to use in teaching new skills. The goal of this study was to alter children's preferences from highly preferred toys to toys that were originally less preferred using an observational pairing procedure.…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Reinforcement, Observational Learning, Autism
Wood, Chip; Freeman-Loftis, Babs – Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 2012
Positive adult language is the professional use of words and tone of voice to enable students to learn in an engaged, active way. This includes learning social skills. To guide children toward choosing and maintaining positive behaviors, adults need to carefully choose the words and tone of voice used when speaking to them. Learning to use…
Descriptors: Children, Positive Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Teacher Student Relationship
Rossano, Matt J. – Psychological Bulletin, 2012
Social norms are communally agreed upon, morally significant behavioral standards that are, at least in part, responsible for uniquely human forms of cooperation and social organization. This article summarizes evidence demonstrating that ritual and ritualized behaviors are essential to the transmission and reinforcement of social norms.…
Descriptors: Evidence, Behavior Problems, Social Organizations, Norms
Sloneem, J.; Oliver, C.; Udwin, O.; Woodcock, K. A. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2011
Background: The prevalence, phenomenology aetiology and correlates of four forms of challenging behaviour in 32 children and adults with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) were investigated. Methods: Cognitive assessments, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on intellectual disability, verbal and physical aggression,…
Descriptors: Aggression, Incidence, Mental Retardation, Injuries
Lang, Russell; Didden, Robert; Machalicek, Wendy; Rispoli, Mandy; Sigafoos, Jeff; Lancioni, Giulio; Mulloy, Austin; Regester, April; Pierce, Nigel; Kang, Soyeon – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2010
Skin-picking is a type of self-injurious behavior involving the pulling, scratching, lancing, digging, or gouging of one's own body. It is associated with social impairment, and increased medical and mental health concerns. While there are several reports showing that skin-picking is common in individuals with developmental disabilities, knowledge…
Descriptors: Intervention, Self Destructive Behavior, Developmental Disabilities, Behavior Modification
Gjems, Liv – European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 2009
The use of tests is a well-established tradition in the study of children's learning. Most of these tests claim to establish a child's general understanding, independent of situations and well-known contexts. I have studied narratives told by a four-year-old boy who failed to pass a false belief test (a test designed to examine whether a child is…
Descriptors: Socialization, Cultural Activities, Reinforcement, Beliefs
Dunlap, Glen; Carr, Edward G.; Horner, Robert H.; Koegel, Robert L.; Sailor, Wayne; Clarke, Shelley; Koegel, Lynn Kern; Albin, Richard W.; Vaughn, Bobbie J.; McLaughlin, Darlene Magito; James, Kim Mullen; Todd, Anne W.; Newton, J. Stephen; Lucyshyn, Joseph; Griggs, Peter; Bohanon, Hank; Choi, Jeong Hoon; Vismara, Laurie; Minjarez, Mendy Boettcher; Buschbacher, Pamelazita; Fox, Lise – Behavioral Disorders, 2010
A major goal of positive behavior support (PBS) is to produce broad-based, long-term improvements in adaptive behavior; however, the empirical base, at present, is mainly composed of relatively short-term studies carried out in circumscribed contexts. Therefore, a need exists for reliable data that can inform the field regarding the comprehensive…
Descriptors: Intervention, Quality of Life, Behavior Modification, Rating Scales
Lang, Russell; Rispoli, Mandy; Machalicek, Wendy; White, Pamela J.; Kang, Soyeon; Pierce, Nigel; Mulloy, Austin; Fragale, Tina; O'Reilly, Mark; Sigafoos, Jeff; Lancioni, Giulio – Research in Developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2009
We reviewed studies involving the treatment of elopement in individuals with developmental disabilities. Systematic searches of three electronic databases, journals, and reference lists identified 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. These studies were evaluated in terms of: (a) participants, (b) procedures used to assess elopement, (c)…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Intervention, Developmental Disabilities, Program Effectiveness
Download full textWinborn-Kemmerer, Lisa; Ringdahl, Joel E.; Wacker, David P.; Kitsukawa, Kana – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
Preference for mand topography was evaluated for 2 individuals with developmental disabilities who exhibited problem behavior. The results of a functional analysis showed that each participant's problem behavior was maintained by social reinforcement. Participants were taught two novel mand topographies for the same functional reinforcer, and each…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Behavior Modification, Social Reinforcement, Behavior Problems
Taylor, L.; Oliver, C. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2008
Background: Behaviour problems and a preference for adult contact are reported to be prominent in the phenotype of Smith-Magenis syndrome. In this study we examined the relationship between social interactions and self-injurious and aggressive/disruptive behaviour in Smith-Magenis syndrome to explore potential operant reinforcement of problem…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Genetics, Mental Retardation, Self Destructive Behavior
