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Pinquart, Martin; Block, Helena – International Journal of Developmental Science, 2020
The experiment analyzed reactions of 115 first- to fourth-graders after realizing that they performed worse than they expected in a computer game. Based on the VIOLEX model of expectation violation, we assessed immunization against achievement feedback, assimilation (striving to increase performance), and accommodation (willingness for expectation…
Descriptors: Coping, Expectation, Defense Mechanisms, Student Reaction