The complex irony of Act III, Scene i, of "Richard II" indicates how Shakespeare directs audience response in the play. Understanding this process of directed response--a dialectic of alternatives--illustrates that a meaningful standard of kingship is not provided in the play by either Richard or Bolingbroke. (RL)

Offers an approach to teaching and interpreting the novel "Watership Down" that emphasizes the secondary belief in an imaginary world of rabbits (rabbitness). (RL)

Discusses a psychological criticism approach to literature and explores the psychology of English Canadians and French Canadians as it relates to literature. Written in French. (HS)

Analyzes how two groups of eighth graders and their teacher create literary texts during small group discussion, and suggests the importance of talk as a means of constructing meaning. (NKA)