In this article, the authors discuss how to explore the agency of ordinary citizens using local institutions to combat Jim Crow segregation laws during Freedom Summer. Primary sources from Miami (OH) University website about Freedom Summer and Susan Goldman Rubin's trade book ground the inquiry. Through the series of activities discussed, middle…

A growing body of research explores theoretical models of teaching for social justice in P-12 classrooms and in teacher education. However, many of these models fail to account for the relationship between teachers' social justice frameworks and their classroom practices. In this article, I use vignettes drawn from a recent study of secondary…

The attitudes of two groups of teachers and administrators from inner city schools in northeastern Ohio, who met at Kent State University in the summer of 1969 to discuss problems relating to education and the disadvantaged child, were contrasted using a Q-sort technique. One group of 32 was writing an innovative social studies curriculum; the…