Practical work is an essential component of science education. However, insufficient approaches towards practical work can limit the potential it has for promoting both students' motivation and situational interest. One suggestion to solve this problem is to use alternative forms of lab instruction which are both motivating and easy to comprehend.…

Research from the field of non-formal education (NFE) in youth work emphasises the central role of experiential learning and learning in groups. The present paper aims to research teaching methods and teaching forms in NFE in youth work. The research sought to answer the following research questions: 'What teaching forms can be found in NFE for…

This paper discusses the relevance of lifelong learning vis-à-vis the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and stresses the need for an approach blending formal education, non-formal and informal learning. The role of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in moving beyond formal education and the importance of integrating pedagogy, andragogy and…

This case study, conducted collaboratively between education scholars and education practitioners, describes and analyses the ways in which Syrian refugee teachers and an NGO are developing and implementing non-formal education (NFE) programming in three refugee settlements in Lebanon. Utilising the INEE Minimum Standards for Education in…

Targeting Outcomes of Programs (TOP) is a seven-step hierarchical programming model in which the program development and performance sides are mirror images of each other. It served as a framework to identify a simple method for targeting photographic events in nonformal education programs, indicating why, when, and how photographs would be useful…

This comprehensive exploration of theoretical and practical aspects of out-of-class teaching and learning, from a variety of perspectives and in various settings around the world, includes a theoretical overview of the field, 11 data-based case studies, and practical advice on materials development for independent learning. Contents of this book…

The study of adult education has much to offer museum education, particularly from the lens of nonformal education--education that takes place outside formal educational settings. Through analysis of two case studies of nonformal education at museums (parks, historical sites, and cultural institutions), findings reveal a much more complex picture…

By definition and purpose, education is the development of human capital towards meeting the individual and social needs of learners and their societies. This transdisciplinary collaboration parallels the underpinning principle of Lave and Wenger's Legitimate Peripheral Participation (Lave & Wenger, 1990) to South Africa's post-colonial…

A three part report first discusses some problems of rural development, education, and the mass media. The second, and basic part, consists of case studies which detail of projects which used various media in rural education programs in Africa, Canada, Europe, and India. And the third part is largely subjective and hypothetical: it is an attempt…

Innovative ways to bring consumer information and education to diverse audiences in inner-city, rural, and suburban communities are described in this publication, one of six developed by the Educational Services Division of Consumers Union for the Consumer Education Materials Project (CEMP). The case studies in this volume describe actual consumer…

This paper reports on the classroom learning environment and teaching practices in a Papua New Guinea ninth-grade science class and the conflict between the informal, traditional learning paradigm and new school approaches to science teaching. Observations and interviews with teachers and four students were supplemented with questionnaires and…

Education for rural areas must go far beyond the concept of formal schooling; it must become a system of learning arrangements in which the learner, in response to his environment, is the chief agent of his learning. There is no single model or educational approach; programs must be adapted to the varying circumstance or situations. When providing…

Eight articles which explore areas of interest to teachers of anthropology are presented. Three lead articles investigate the application of anthropological concepts and methods to educational institutions, formal and nonformal, outside the United States. In the first paper, demographic socialization as a field of anthropological inquiry is…

Consumer education programs responsive to the needs of students enrolled in two-year colleges and other institutes at the postsecondary level are described in this publication, one of six in a series prepared by the Educational Division of Consumers Union for the Consumer Education Materials Project (CEMP). The case studies in this volume are…

This report by the UNESCO Institute for Education compares approaches to providing nonformal education to out-of-school children in Bangladesh, Burundi, Colombia, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The report analyzes some of the educational and demographic characteristics of the six countries, and the countries' policies concerning universal primary…