The purpose of this article is to review the essential features of the Perkins-Binet Tests of Intelligence for the Blind, and to discuss problems and limitations in the test kit and manual. Recommendations are also made for smoother administration of both forms of the test. (Author/BW)

Considers how blind children do not receive exposure to environmental print and do not generally learn to recognize written letters of the alphabet prior to schooling in Braille. Concludes that letter learning is a major contributor to the development of phonological awareness in blind children. Suggests key similarities in the underlying…

This article presents the process approach as an effective way of teaching braille writing to young children who are blind. The writing process used in the primary grades establishes a foundation for development of future literacy skills, and instills enthusiasm and confidence in children approaching the complex task of braille writing.…

Describes an eight-dot computer Braille notation, COBRA, with integrated mathematical and scientific notation that achieves immediate print-Braille compatibility through one-to-one representation of letters and other characters. Text can be entered from the Braille or the Qwerty Keyboard and can be viewed simultaneously on the Braille display and…

The Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, per Section 162.1136 RSMo, conducts an annual study of the educational status of eligible blind/visually impaired students and reports the findings to the Missouri Legislature on December 1st each year. The information contained in this report pertains to the twelve data elements…

The paper reports on a study of Braille learning in which subjects (N=96) were provided with information about the structure of the Braille alphabet and expressly instructed to use that information during learning. A previous experiment had found that merely providing subjects with information about Braille alphabet structure had no effect on…

A feasibility and planning study was conducted on braille code problems in five areas. The areas were textbook format, math and science, music notation, computer notation, and maps, charts, and diagrams. Problems in each of the areas were identified and defined by committees of experts. The problems were analysed and a determination was made of…

Two experiments with a total of 92 elementary grade blind students were conducted to determine the effects of training blind students in shape recognition accuracy and speed and accuracy of locating shapes on a tactile map by using a distinctive features analysis strategy and line tracing. (Author/DB)

Based on experiences with her own blind child, the author offers suggestions to other parents and teachers on activities to do with young visually impaired children that will help promote early developmental learning in braille reading. Also included are implications for design and production of appropriate preschool books and materials. (Author)

Evaluation results are presented for five braille printers. The evaluation is based on extensive testing and data derived from a panel of 37 braille readers who considered noise level, identification/labeling and buttons, audio indicators, setting parameters, braille quality, documentation, and manufacturer's comments. (CB)

The miscues of 22 blind braille readers ages 6-21 were analyzed using Goodman's Reading Miscue Inventory, and compared to those reported for sighted readers. Results revealed greater similarities than differences. For example, print and braille readers had approximately the same proportion of miscues in substitutions, omissions, and insertions.…

Two word/nonword decision experiments were carried out to investigate differences in reading between congenitally blind children reading Braille and sighted children dealing with print. Three aspects of single-word recognition were studied: semantic processing, word frequency effects, and phonological recoding. (Author/RH)

Describes several ways in which microcomputers have been adapted to needs of the handicapped. One system consists of a Dynatyper (solenoid driven array of plastic plungers sitting above typewriter keyboard), Braillewriter, and Apple II microcomputer which produces hard-copy braille. (JN)