Using the 1980 census's independent measures of race, Spanish origin, nativity, and ancestry, this paper describes racial differentiation and segregation in 21 metropolitan areas, comparing it with ethnic group segregation, and to other demographic and housing characteristics. Special attention is given to the interplay of race and poverty.…

The main issues in this study are the paucity of black apprentices and the transferability of success achieved in New York by the Workers Defense League (WDL) to other places. The paper: (1) outlines the general nature of apprenticeship in the United States; (2) discusses the reason for the low participation of the blacks in these programs in the…

In this retrospective review of demographic aspects of race and the metropolis, presented as a basis from which to speculate about the 1970's, the period of mass migration of blacks out of the rural South is seen as drawing to a close. The U.S. black population is more urban and more metropolitan than the white population. The development of black…

This book originated with a concern for a crucial issue in planning; namely, what is the possibility of creating social policies to modify existing patterns of segregation in order to achieve social justice (however defined) in such institutions as housing or schools. Consequently, although this is an academic, ecological analysis of residential…

When students in a New Jersey public middle school decided to learn about their community's history of desegregation through a unique language arts and social studies project, no one imagined how powerful the experience would be for everyone involved. In addition to researching newspaper articles and historical documents, the students conducted…

In the 1950's, Charles S. Johnson, the first black president of Fisk University (Tennessee), greatly expanded the institution's international program, attracting many foreign students to the school and creating a milieu that gave American blacks the benefits of integration. This paper examines how the presence of outsiders and outside influences…

The incidence of racial violence and bias crime has increased dramatically in New York City in recent years, the result of a volatile mix of social, political, and economic factors. Worsening racial tensions can be traced to "hypersegregation" and polarization, poverty, homelessness, family breakdown, and failure of the education system.…

Blacks in cities remain segregated and economically disadvantaged. Differences between races are far more important than social stratification in Blacks' deteriorating economic condition. Because the spatial and political containment of Black populations has actually reduced their effect on cities' economic fortunes, political strategies for Black…

Provides a tribute to the legacy of Thurgood Marshall through an examination of Marshall's key role in the history of desegregation. It focuses on his position as lead counsel for the NAACP assigned to argue Brown v Board of Education before the Supreme Court and his subsequent influence as a member of the Court. (GR)

Analyzes Thurgood Marshall's role as a critical jurist, especially in light of recent criticism directed at Brown v Board of Education. It discusses the separate-but-equal doctrine of Plessy v Ferguson and Marshall's underlying strategy that such a doctrine was harmful to black children. It concludes with the author's interpretation of Marshall's…

Argues that the single most enduring effect of "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas," has been to reverse the public policy of racial segregation approved by the Supreme Court in "Plessy v. Ferguson." The article reviews instances of resistance and violence, government use of troops, and present situations of school…

Introduces six articles on interventions, practices, beliefs, and contexts designed to facilitate early adolescents' school achievement and overall development. The articles focus on middle school reform, separate schooling for African American males, ability grouping, teacher roles, interdisciplinary programs, and the role of cooperation and…

This paper summarizes what can be surmised about the nature and causes of persistent poverty and how it affects Hispanics, especially Chicanos. Section 1, "Persistent Poverty among Urban Minorities: A Review of the Literature," reviews the overall literature on the subject. Both documentary literature describing persistent poverty and…

A review of the literature on residential segregation reveals that Blacks remain the most segregated group in American cities, despite the more recent arrival of Hispanic and Asian groups. By one measure--the index of dissimilarity with respect to Whites--Blacks are 1.6 times more segregated than Hispanics, and twice as segregated as Asians. Race…

Intended to raise race and sex compliance issues to be addressed by the National Institute of Education (NIE) in its congressionally mandated study of vocational education, this paper defines Title VI (Civil Rights Act of 1964) and Title IX (Education Amendments of 1972) compliance issues regarding the level of minority (black Americans) and women…