Schools have made efforts to improve outcomes for poor, Black, and Latino students, but disparities persist. Education policies in the United States are not addressing the structural inequities in schools and any external influences that contribute to the low achievement of Black, and Latino students living in poverty. The research in this study…

Educational thought and research often operates with whole-race ("Black", "White", and "Asian") and whole-class ("low-income") categories. For both explaining disparities and assessing them normatively, it is essential to pay attention to subdivisions within those groups. Regarding affirmative action, on…

Children of immigrants are a rapidly growing part of the U.S. child population. Their health, development, educational attainment, and social and economic integration into the nation's life will play a defining role in the nation's future. Nancy Landale, Kevin Thomas, and Jennifer Van Hook explore the challenges facing immigrant families as they…

This report compares the circumstances and characteristics of Black immigrant mothers in Palm Beach County, Florida, to those of Latina immigrant and Black native-born mothers, focusing on those living in distressed areas. The study also compares the early developmental outcomes of their children. When controlling for parental and child…

Discusses the history and problems of the Community Action Program and the War on Poverty from the 1960s-1980s, highlighting San Antonio, Texas, and the San Antonio Neighborhood Youth Organization. Suggests that the War on Poverty's historical significance was more political than economic, and it emerged as a program that Hispanic and Black San…

This report analyzes recent Census data on poverty and income for 1986. While the poverty rate declined slightly in 1986, it remained at an unusually high level for the fourth year of an economic recovery, and minority poverty rates remain far higher than those of the general population. The poor grew poorer in 1986, and the gap between rich and…

This book examines the experiences of 32 men participating in Parents' Fair Share (PFS), which was designed to help them get better jobs, pay child support, and become more involved with their children. All participants were low-income, noncustodial fathers who were not paying court mandated child support. Most were African American or Latino and…

The Harlem Health Connection is a three-year project to develop and test smoking control interventions for African Americans, primarily those in Harlem (New York). Surveys of people from public housing, health care institutions, and churches found the highest smoking rates in public housing residents and people attending health care institutions.…

Claims increased survival by Blacks and Hispanics is causing a widening of sex imbalance of elderly population with trends pointing to greater widowhood among minority women and continuing high rates of poverty. Claims increased rates of disability in minority elderly women, increased dependency, worsening intergenerational relationships, and…

In 1974, children under 18 displaced the elderly as the poorest age group, and in 1985 households with children accounted for over two-thirds of all poor people in the United States. To better understand the factors underlying the deteriorating well-being of families with children, census data on family income from 1967 to 1984 was studied. Three…

Theorist William J. Wilson proposes that the increasing problems of inner-city minority groups stem not from a ghetto culture of poverty, as some contend, but from growing social isolation of poor Blacks and Hispanics and from changes in the economy. (MSE)

This report, based on the 1980 and 1990 Census of Population and Housing, Public Use Microdata Samples, presents statistics on America's U.S. children. The report focuses on family living arrangements and economic circumstances. Special attention is devoted to similarities and differences between non-Hispanic white children and non-Hispanic black…

Despite recent scholarly concern with "neighborhood effects" on children, no study to date has measured the cumulative exposure of children to poor and affluent neighborhoods. This study constructed multi-state life tables to estimate racial and ethnic differences in "childhood expectancy" in five neighborhood types, ranging from affluent to…

This report summarizes past and current research on female gangs, noting programmatic and research needs. Seven sections include: "Early Reports: A History of Stereotypes"; "Number of Female Gang Members"; "Being in a Gang: The Background" (economic and ethnic forces, family pressure, and sex stereotyping and…

This paper addresses the important but relatively understudied problem of immigrants' use of transfer payments. First it documents differentials in the propensity of natives and immigrants to receive public assistance income using 1980 census data. Descriptive tabulations revealed considerable differences between Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and…