Recent data shows a national decline in the number of men completing four-year degrees and a growing gap between men and the number of women who attain bachelor's degrees (Parker, 2021; Reeves & Smith, 2021). Men of color have the lowest college enrollment and completion rates, and the gap in degree attainment is continuing to grow when…

Characteristics that would tend to place Mexican immigrants in direct competition with native workers for jobs at the bottom of the wage and skill hierarchy are their numbers, their largely undocumented status, low education and skill levels, and poor English-speaking ability. Using regression analysis, 1980 Census data were analyzed to determine…

Historical, linguistic, cultural, and political variables are important in understanding the development and implementation of Milwaukee urban bilingual education programs, established in 1969 and including kindergarten through 12th grades at 11 elementary and 4 secondary schools. Hispanics comprise 6% of school enrollment (5,334 pupils, of whom…