A recent issue of importance in the vast literature on well-being and age concerns the factorial invariance of the construct across age groups. Current wisdom suggests that while differences in loadings exist among age groups, the construction of summary measures introduces little bias. To investigate age and ethnic variation in the meaning of…

First grade students stratified on the basis of their racial-ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) were studied to determine factors measured by several readiness (aptitude) tests and to learn whether these factors differed for the children from the various groups. SES was determined by father's occupation, or if absent, mother's occupation; the…

The objective of the study was "to determine how the elementary school child evaluates his school environment through a comparison of the school as he sees it with how professional education intends it to be." The "Keys to Elementary School Environment," an instrument designed to measure the environmental press as perceived by elementary school…

Information on social behavior independence, and intelligence was gathered on 74 Head Start subjects (Anglo, Negro, and Mexican-American) aged 5 to 7 years, for the development of a scale to measure the level of independence in small children. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) Level of independence will differentiate ethnic groups. Ranking…

The purpose of this project was to develop a non-verbal self-administering values inventory appropriate for children grades one to three. Children from five ethnic groups were administered a 60-item picture inventory designed to measure dimensions of value based on needs. Factor analyses of the resulting item inter-correlations for the total…

A number of methods have been used to identify potentially biased items within a test. These methods examine one item at a time and do not deal with the complex interrelationships among items or among items and the potentially biasing elements. The use of multivariate procedures to assess whether or not items are biased and to obtain clues about…