Black Studies is increasingly being shaped and defined for Blacks rather than by Blacks. Black Studies scholars must adopt a position apart from, outside, or in critique of the established paradigm of Eurocentric scholarship, and operate within an Afrocentric historical paradigm. (BJV)

Conceptualizes multicultural education as an interdisciplinary field focusing on racial, ethnic, and cultural groups, and on both genders. The development of African-American scholarship is traced as a vital root of the multicultural education movement. The intergroup education movement of the 1940s and 1950s is also discussed. (SLD)