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Peer reviewedLadson-Billings, Gloria; Henry, Annette – Journal of Education, 1990
Describes ways in which several successful teachers of Black children in Canada and the United States use Caribbean and/or Black English, rhythmic speech, and music already familiar to Black children to reinforce the child's identity while providing a bridge from home to the dominant culture. (DM)
Descriptors: Black Culture, Black Dialects, Black Youth, Classroom Techniques
Peer reviewedKnowles-Borishade, Adetokunbo F. – Journal of Black Studies, 1991
Classical African rhetoric contains five elements: a caller and a chorus validating the word; spiritual entities; the word drawn from and relevant to experience; responders; and the spiritual harmony achieved when the other elements are working together. Suggests that Black English contains structural remnants of African discourse. (CJS)
Descriptors: Black Culture, Black Dialects, Blacks, Cultural Influences
